Interleukin-10 is an immunosuppressive cytokine involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal mucosal immunity toward intestinal microbiota. Interleukin-10-deficient (IL10(-/-)) mice develop Crohn's disease-like colitis unless raised germ-free conditions. Previous gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomic analysis revealed urinary metabolite differences between IL10(-/-) and wildtype C57BL/6 mice. To determine which these were specifically associated with inflammation arising...

The betalain pigments in ulluco (Ullucus tuberosus), a tuberous crop native to the Andes, have been investigated for first time using LC−DAD−ESI-MS−MS2 analyses. Five red, yellow, and red-spotted accessions introduced into New Zealand as new food plus two red tetraploid lines were investigated. Thirty-two different betalains identified. Both yellow tubers rich betaxanthins, most prominent among 20 identified histidine-betaxanthin, arginine-betaxanthin glutamine-betaxanthin....

Fast MS techniques have been applied to the analysis of sulfur volatiles in Allium species and varieties distinguish phenotypes. Headspace sampling by proton transfer reaction (PTR) surface desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) were used lachrymatory factor synthase (LFS)-silenced (tearless; LFS-) onions from normal, LFS-active (tear-inducing; LFS+), onions. PTR-MS showed lower concentrations (LF, 3) dipropyl disulfide 12 tearless DESI-MS confirmed decreased LF 3 revealed much higher...

Starch phosphorylation is an important aspect of plant metabolism due to its role in starch degradation. Moreover, the degree determines physicochemical properties and therefore relevant for industrial uses starch. Currently, chemically phosphorylated increase viscosity paste stability. Potato cultivars with elevated would make this process unnecessary, thereby bestowing economic environmental benefits. a complex trait which has been previously shown by antisense gene repression be...

An analytical RPLC method for sesquiterpene lactones in Arnica montana has been extended to include quantitative analyses of dihydrohelenalin esters. LC‐ESI‐MS‐MS distinguished the isomeric helenalin and The esters have lower response factors UV detection than do esters, which must be taken into account analyses. Analyses flowers from 16 different wild populations A. Spain showed differing proportions For first time a chemotype with high levels (total helenalins 5.2–10.3 mg/g dry weight) is...

Poisonings due to consumption of honeys containing plant toxins have been reported widely. One cause is the neurotoxin tutin, an oxygenated sesquiterpene picrotoxane, traced back honeybees (Apis mellifera) collecting honeydew produced by passionvine hoppers (Scolypopa australis) feeding on sap poisonous shrub tutu (Coriaria spp.). However, a pharmacokinetic study suggested that unidentified conjugates tutin were also present in such honeys. We now report discovery, using ion trap LC-MS, two...

Methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys) is an amino acid derivative that possesses potent anticancer activity in animals. Plants can tolerate growth on soils with high Se content, known as hyperaccumulators, do so by converting inorganic to MeSeCys the enzyme selenocysteine methyltransferase (SMT). A cDNA encoding SMT from a hyperaccumulator was overexpressed tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Transgenic plants were provided selenite or selenate roots during fruit development, and liquid...

With the explosive numbers of sequences generated by next generation sequencing, demand for high throughput screening to understand gene function has grown. Plant viral vectors have been widely used as tools in down-regulating plant expression. However, can also express proteins a very efficient manner and, therefore, serve valuable tool characterizing and their functions metabolic pathways planta. In this study, we developed Gateway®-based vector cloning system from Narcissus Mosaic Virus...

Onion and garlic are renowned for their roles as functional foods. The health benefits of attributed to di-2-propenyl thiosulfinate (allicin), a sulfur compound found in disrupted but not onion. Recently, onions have been grown with repressed lachrymatory factor synthase (LFS) activity, which causes these produce increased amounts di-1-propenyl thiosulfinate, an isomer allicin. This investigation into the key attributes LFS-silenced (tearless) demonstrates that they some more similar this is...

Mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) is valued for its unique bioactive honey, but relatively little known about mānuka nectar and the factors modulating production. In this study compositional variability of collected throughout floral development was measured in glasshouse-cultivated plants. The total yield estimated by rinsing flowers with water measuring sugars (°Brix). concentration dihydroxyacetone (DHA), precursor to methylglyoxal key honey bioactive, increased through maximised just prior...

The development of a rapid, robust and reliable method for extracting plant food materials is important screening wide range bioactives their health benefits. In this study, extractions bioactive polyphenolic com-pounds from fruits vegetables were per-formed using pressurised solvent extraction technique. Variables including solvent, extrac-tion temperature time, number ex-traction cycles, optimised to develop rapid efficient protocol. re-sulting extracts then analysed antioxi-dant capacity,...

The traditionally consumed New Zealand native plant nau, Cook's scurvy grass, Lepidium oleraceum, has a pungent wasabi-like taste, with potential for development as flavor ingredient. main glucosinolate in this Brassicaceae was identified by LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy 3-butenyl (gluconapin, 7-22 mg/g DM leaves). leaves were treated to mimic chewing, the headspace analyzed solid-phase microextraction GC-MS. This showed that isothiocyanate, flavor, produced endogenous myrosinase. Different...

Abstract Comparative two‐dimensional electrophoretic (2‐DE) studies were performed over a time‐course to examine the effect of oxidation or alkylation on separation wool keratin proteins. The was followed by treating scoured fibres with increasing levels hydrogen peroxide, ranging from 0–12 g/L, using conditions mimicking industrial bleaching process. Peroxide treatment found have only minor 2‐DE intermediate filament protein (IFP) class. Conversely, peroxide 24–28 kDa high sulphur (HSP)...

Some honeys contain the neurotoxin tutin (1) plus hyenanchin (2), 2-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)tutin (3), and 2-[6′-(α-d-glucopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]tutin (4). These are made by bees collecting honeydew from passionvine hoppers feeding on sap of tutu plants (Coriaria spp.). We report a LC-MS study showing that all these picrotoxanes plant, not insect, origin. Hyenanchin was barely detectable diglucoside in C. arborea leaves, but phloem contained four compounds at concentrations up to highest...

The colour of scoured wool is a critical determinant its value and quality, with the presence significant non‐scourable discoloration severely limiting use. In order to develop effective protocols for removal or prevention fleece discoloration, it imperative that all contributing chromophores are characterised their origin established. We describe location, extraction characterisation from yellow wool. Yellow was found be located predominantly in cuticular region fibre. Chromophoric...

Abstract Amyloid fibrils have potential as bionanomaterials. A bottleneck in their commercial use is the cost of highly purified protein typically needed a starting material. Thus, an understanding role heterogeneity mixtures from which amyloid are formed may inform production these structures readily available impure materials. Insulin, very well understood amyloid‐forming protein, was modified by various reagents to explore whether could still form heterogeneous mixture insulin...