<h3>Importance</h3> The majority of individuals with type 1 diabetes do not meet recommended glycemic targets. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the effects continuous glucose monitoring in adults treated multiple daily insulin injections. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Open-label crossover randomized clinical trial conducted 15 outpatient clinics Sweden between February 24, 2014, June 1, 2016 that included 161 hemoglobin A_1c(HbA_1c) at least 7.5% (58 mmol/mol)...

Background: In Sweden, FreeStyle Libre a flash glucose monitoring system came onto the market in 2014 as complement to self-monitoring of blood glucose. The aim this study was evaluate accuracy and treatment experience system. Methods: Fifty-eight adults with type 1 diabetes used for 10–14 days measured capillary levels HemoCue measurement at least six times day simultaneously. Results: For entire period, mean absolute relative difference (MARD) 13.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]...

To evaluate if the lowest target level for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) of <6.5% is associated with lower risk retinopathy and nephropathy than less tight control in children adults type 1 diabetes.Population based cohort study.Swedish National Diabetes Registry, January 1998 to 31 December 2017.10 398 diabetes followed from diagnosis, or close thereafter, until end 2017.Relative (odds ratios) different mean levels HbA1c.Mean age participants was 14.7 years (43.4% female), duration 1.3...

Background: To evaluate the effects of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on nocturnal and daytime hypoglycemia in persons with type 1 diabetes treated multiple daily insulin injections (MDI); we also evaluated factors related to differences confidence this population. Methods: Evaluations were performed from GOLD randomized trial, an open-label multicenter crossover clinical trial (n = 161) over 69 weeks comparing CGM self-measurement blood (SMBG) MDI. Masked questionnaire used for...

According to recent guidelines, individuals with type 1 diabetes should spend <4.0% of time per day glucose levels <3.9 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL) and <1.0% <3.0 (<54 mg/dL).In the GOLD randomized crossover trial, 161 treated multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) were continuous monitoring (CGM) or conventional therapy self-monitoring blood (SMBG) evaluated over 16 months. We estimated association between spent in hypoglycemia various mean HbA1c levels.Time (<3.9 mmol/L) increased significantly...

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Previous studies have shown that individuals with similar mean glucose levels (MG) or percentage of time in range (TIR) may different HbA 1c values. The aim this study was to further elucidate how MG and TIR are associated . Methods Data from the randomised clinical GOLD trial ( n =144) follow-up SILVER =98) adults type 1 diabetes followed for 2.5 years were analysed. A total 596 paired /continuous monitoring measurements included. Linear mixed-effects models used...

OBJECTIVE Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) reduces HbA1c and time spent in hypoglycemia people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) treated multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) when evaluated over shorter periods. It is unclear to what extent CGM improves helps maintain control, treatment satisfaction, distress, hypoglycemic concerns, overall well-being longer periods of time. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The GOLD trial was a randomized crossover performed 16 months T1D MDI. People completing the...

Background: Recent guidelines have been developed for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics in persons with diabetes. To understand what profiles should be judged as normal clinical practice and glucose-lowering trials, we examined the profile of healthy individuals using CGM. Methods: Persons without diabetes or prediabetes were included after passing a oral tolerance test, two-hour value &lt;8.9 mmol/L (160 mg/dL), fasting &lt;6.1 (110 HbA1c &lt;6.0% (&lt;42 mmol/mol). CGM evaluated...

The aim of this work was to study the incidence over time lower extremity amputations and determine variables associated with increased risk in people type 1 diabetes.Individuals diabetes registered Swedish National Diabetes Registry no previous amputation from January 1998 followed 2 October 2019 were included. Time-updated Cox regression gradient per SD used evaluate impact factors on amputation. Age- sex-adjusted incidences estimated time.Of 46,088 (mean age 32.5 years [SD 14.5], 25,354...

This study investigates how the excess risk of lower extremity amputations (amputations) in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) differs from general population by duration, glycemic control, and renal complications.We analyzed data DM Swedish National Diabetes Register without prior amputation January 1998 to December 2013. Each person (n=36 872) was randomly matched five controls sex, age, county (n=184 360) diabetes. All were followed until first amputation, death or end...

The effects of the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide on time in hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia, and range for type 2 diabetes patients initially treated with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) were investigated. Variables associated hypoglycaemia current population also identified. Analyses based data from a previously performed double-blind, placebo-controlled trial which 124 MDI-treated randomized to or placebo. Masked continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was at baseline week 24 99...

Advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common complication for people with type 1 and 2 diabetes can often lead to glucose instability. Continuous monitoring (CGM) helps users monitor stabilize their levels. To date, CGM intermittent scanning are only approved but not those advanced CKD.To compare the performance of Dexcom G5 FreeStyle Libre sensors in adults or CKD.This was non-randomized clinical trial that took place two outpatient clinics western Sweden. All patients an estimated...

OBJECTIVE This study identified variables associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation in people type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a cohort diabetes from the Swedish National Diabetes Registry followed up between January 2001 and 31 December 2013. Median follow-up was 9.7 years (interquartile range 5.2–13.0). The association potential factors incident investigated using adjusted Cox regression. To compare impact each factor, gradient per SD estimated. RESULTS...

To identify responders to continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in relation reductions HbA1c and percentage of time spent hypoglycaemia after initiation CGM for individuals with type 1 diabetes treated multiple daily insulin injections.

Few studies have examined the effects of lower carbohydrate diets on glucose control in persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The objective study was to investigate whether a moderate diet improves T1D.

Diet is an important factor in managing glycemic control type 1 diabetes (T1D). Reducing carbohydrate intake may be for stabilizing blood glucose levels certain groups of patients with T1D. There are few studies examining the effects a low diet The aim this study to investigate on adults T1D.Adults T1D (N = 54) and inadequate (HbA1c ≥ 7.5%; 58 mmol/mol) were randomized cross-over design moderate (30 percent total energy from carbohydrates) versus traditional (50 4 weeks between wash-out...

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;According to recent guidelines, individuals with type 1 diabetes should spend less than 4.0% per day glucose levels &lt;3.9 mmol/L (&lt;70 mg/dL) and 1.0% &lt;3.0 (&lt;54 mg/dL). &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br&gt; Research methods: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;In the GOLD randomised cross-over trial, 161 treated multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) were Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) or conventional therapy self-monitoring of blood (SMBG)...

CGM reduces A1c and time in hypoglycemia persons with T1D treated MDI evaluated over short periods. It’s unclear to what extent improves glucose control, treatment satisfaction, fear diabetes-related QoL long term. The GOLD trial was a 16 month randomized crossover of use MDI. SILVER study is an extension which patients continued (DexcomG4/G5) for 1 year clinical visits every 3 months. primary endpoint, change during long-term compared SMBG (from end until study/1.0-1.5 years), showed...

As many people with type 1 diabetes find it hard to reach the recommended glycemic goals, even CGM, this study aims determine if a closer, digitally supported collaboration on interpreting CGM data together nurse can improve control.A total of 120 individuals, 18 years and older HbA1c ≥ 58 mmol/mol will be included in at 8 different sites Sweden Norway. To included, participants must use or isCGM able upload appropriate online service for their clinic sensor. Both those insulin pumps pens...

Background Persons with type 1 diabetes have a higher risk to develop heart failure than the general population, and mechanism behind increased is unclear. In epidemiological studies hospitalisation for as endpoint HbA1c, body mass index decreased kidney function are significant factors, but it unclear how these factors influence development of failure. Methods this study, we investigated early signs systolic diastolic dysfunction transthoracic echocardiography. Statistical analysis on...

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;According to recent guidelines, individuals with type 1 diabetes should spend less than 4.0% per day glucose levels &lt;3.9 mmol/L (&lt;70 mg/dL) and 1.0% &lt;3.0 (&lt;54 mg/dL). &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br&gt; Research methods: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;In the GOLD randomised cross-over trial, 161 treated multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) were Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) or conventional therapy self-monitoring of blood (SMBG)...

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;According to recent guidelines, individuals with type 1 diabetes should spend less than 4.0% per day glucose levels &lt;3.9 mmol/L (&lt;70 mg/dL) and 1.0% &lt;3.0 (&lt;54 mg/dL). &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br&gt; Research methods: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;In the GOLD randomised cross-over trial, 161 treated multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) were Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) or conventional therapy self-monitoring of blood (SMBG)...

Objective: Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) reduces HbA1c and time spent in hypoglycemia persons with type 1 diabetes treated multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) when evaluated over shorter periods. It is unclear to what extent CGM improves helps maintain glucose control, treatment satisfaction, distress, hypoglycemic concerns overall well-being longer periods of &lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt; Research design methods: The GOLD trial was a randomized crossover performed 16 months MDI. Persons...