Abstract Electronic waste is a dominant global issue with over 50 million tons generated annually. Still, as an amalgamation of precious and rare raw materials, electronic considerable economic resource the most valuable components located on printed circuit boards. Gold widely used in electronics numerous applications, although principally for contact points external connectors. The recovery gold, due to its high value, one main motivations recycling e-waste. Although pyrometallurgy...

The possibility of protein release from polymeric microcapsules by means low-power (up to a maximum 3.2 W) high-frequency (850 kHz) ultrasound was studied. efficiency using these ultrasonic parameters that are close those currently used in medical diagnostic and treatment compared achieved with conventional 20 kHz 70 W probe. Microcapsules were made polyelectrolyte multilayer assembly on 3–5 µm calcium carbonate particles co-precipitated fluorescently labelled protein. Ultrasound induced...

Ammonia is a pollutant present in wastewater and also valuable, carbon-free hydrogen carrier. Stripping, recovery, anodic oxidation of ammonia to produce via electrolysis gaining momentum as technology, yet the development an inexpensive, stable catalytic material imperative reduce cost. Here, we report on new nickel-copper (NiCu) catalyst electrodeposited onto high surface area nickel felt (NF) anode for electrolysis. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated that catalyst/substrate combination...

This paper describes a two-step method to prepare novel copper-methanol nanofluids capped with short chain molecule, (3-Aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS). Two commercial nanopowders were dispersed at various powers using 20 kHz ultrasonic probe into solutions of methanol and the capping agent. Ultrasonic energy input was measured by calorimetry z-average diameters, intensity number size distributions recorded dynamic light scattering technique. The stability dispersion monitored visually,...

Abstract In the present study, a model of closed-loop recycling copper from PCBs is demonstrated, which involves sequential application bioleaching and electrowinning to selectively extract copper. This approach proposed as part solution resolve challenging ever-increasing accumulation electronic waste, e-waste, in environment. work targeting copper, most abundant metal e-waste that represents up 20% by weight printed circuit boards (PCBs). first stage, was tested for different pulp...

This paper describes the ultrasound assisted dispersal of a low wt./vol.% copper nanopowder mixture and determines optimum conditions for de-agglomeration. A commercially available powder was added to propan-2-ol dispersed using magnetic stirrer, high frequency 850 kHz ultrasonic cell, standard 40 bath 20 probe. The particle size characterized dynamic light scattering (DLS). Z-Average diameters (mean cluster based on intensity scattered light) intensity, volume number distributions were...

In recent years, the demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been increasing rapidly. Conventional recycling strategies (based on pyro- and hydrometallurgy) are damaging environment more sustainable methods need to be developed. Bioleaching is a promising environmentally friendly approach that uses microorganisms solubilize metals. However, bioleaching-based technology not yet applied recover valuable metals from waste LIBs an industrial scale. A series of experiments was performed...

The selective patterning of silver nanoparticles by a patent pending process to act as catalyst for metallization with electroless copper was explored on cotton, view towards application in the wearable technology sector. Whole area coverage or tracks serving point-to-point connections were achieved depositing via spraying, more controlled manner using microdispenser, respectively. Optimization deposition is described, including substrate characterization contact angle, FTIR and surface...

Aiming to demonstrate the importance and facility of characterising reaction environment in new commercial laboratory-scale flow cells, fluid flow, pressure drop space averaged mass transport coefficient were studied C-Flow® Lab 5 × cell. A flow-by configuration with smooth, planar electrodes a rectangular channel was used. Electrolyte mean linear velocities 2 10 cm s−1 past electrode surface Reynolds numbers 53 265 considered. The effect turbulence promoter next working evaluated. Flow...

Electroless copper plating of insulating substrates, such as printed circuit boards, typically requires the pre-deposition a catalyst layer onto surface to initiate chemical reactions. Pd/Sn based catalysts are widely used, but carry high cost and in many cases require specialist pre-treatment substrate achieve good adhesion. In this work, functionalised nanoparticles have been investigated alternative for electroless deposition. Commercially available were with different organic molecules...

SUMMARYThe use of insoluble anodes in horizontal acid copper electroplating machines is becoming the industry standard. Despite this fact there appears to be little published work on optimisation anode material for application. Although titanium coated with iridium dioxide widely used its long lifetime under oxygen evolution conditions, it that no consideration has been given effect oxide other parameters, example oxidation additives, pulse plating etc.This paper reviews materials have...

SUMMARYThe formation of silver(II) ions in nitric acid was studied using a rotating disc electrode at temperatures 25°C and 50°C preparative H-type divided cell used to generate dark brown solutions 50 mA cm−2, 50°C. When acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) samples were etched this highly oxidising medium, residual silver(I) species trapped within the polymer cavities reduced metallic silver with reducing agent and, upon exposure an electroless copper solution, deposition observed. An...

Copper nanoparticles were synthesized using a pulsed sonoelectrochemical (20 kHz, 78 Wcm−2) method. Two electrolytes used copper salt dissolved in Na2SO4 (pH=3.80) or H2SO4 (pH=0.6). For both and the absence of any surfactant, monodispersed spherical strongly aggregated three-dimensional clusters about 200nm. The particle size is controlled by varying reaction parameters such as duration experiment, current density, temperature ultrasound power. A potential step technique proposed to...

Electroless copper plating is an important process for the metallization of non-conductive substrates and therefore widely utilized throughout electronics industry. processes are characterised by high temperature operation although effect ultrasound on electroless has been studied many years, its use as enabling technology to reduce operating not investigated. In this study a catalysed was it found that low frequency under optimised conditions can lead reduction in temperature.