Particles of AISI 304L stainless steel powder were spheroidized by the induction plasma spheroidization process (TekSphero-15 system) to assess effects on and part properties. The morphology both as-received powders was characterized measuring particle size shape distribution. chemistry studied using inductively coupled optical emission spectroscopy for evaluation composing elements, powder’s microstructure assessed X-ray diffraction phase identification electron backscattered...

Direct reduction of iron ore (DRI) is gaining an increased attention due to the growing need decarbonize industrial processes. The current DRI processes are performed using reformed natural gas, which results in CO 2 emission, although it less than carbothermic blast furnace. Carbon‐free may be realized through utilization green H as a reducing agent, place gas. Herein, effects various gas mixtures and temperature on kinetics hematite iron‐ore pellets focused this work. Pellets reduced at...

Continuous casting in steel production uses specially developed oxyfluoride glasses (mold fluxes) to lubricate a mold and control the solidification of mold. The composition flux impacts properties, including basicity, viscosity, crystallization rate, all which affect stability process quality solidified steel. However, fluxes interact with during process, resulting chemistry changes that must be considered design. Currently, chemical determined by extracting samples from then processing...

This study demonstrated for the first time an in situ high-temperature fiber-optic Raman probe to structure of glass and slag samples at temperatures up 1400 °C. A customized external telescope was integrated into a portable extend optical working distance allow work environment. Three were evaluated demonstrate functionality probe. Room temperature spectra successfully collected analyzed. In addition, deconvolution algorithm used identify peaks spectrum that could then be related molecular...

Electrical steels can be classified into two groups: grain-oriented (GO) and non-oriented (NGO) electrical steel. NGO are mainly considered as core materials for different devices, such electric motors, generators, rotating machines. The magnetic properties texture evolution of depend on multiple factors (such chemical content, heat-treatment, rolling process) making the development new products a complex task. In this review, studies corresponding summarized. results indicate that further...

This study reports the fabrication of an 4th-order line-by-line Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG) array using femtosecond laser inscription within a highly multimode coreless optical fiber, with particular focus on achieving substantial multiplexing capabilities. An ultra-fast annealing procedure is employed, resulting in impressive enhancement FBG sensor's fringe visibility by approximately 13 dB, signifying notable improvement ~4 dB. contributes to long-term stability and performance multiplexed...

This paper presents a spatially distributed fiber-optic sensor system designed for demanding applications, like temperature measurements in the steel industry. The employed optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) to interrogate Rayleigh backscattering signals single-mode fibers. Temperature employing OFDR were compared with conventional thermocouple measurements, accentuating sensing capability of system. Experiments and conducted test spatial thermal mapping measurement Experimental...

This research reports an advancement in splicing silica glass fiber to sapphire single-crystal optical (SCF) using a specialized processing device, including data that demonstrate the thermal stability of splice 1000°C. A filament heating process was used produce robust between dissimilar fibers. femtosecond laser is inscribe Bragg gratings sensor into SCF measure high-temperature capabilities and signal attenuation characteristics joint. The experimental results proposed method produces...

This Letter reports an innovative technique for fabricating large-scale, highly cascaded first-order sapphire optical fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) using a femtosecond laser-assisted point-by-point inscription method. For the first time, to best of our knowledge, this study successfully demonstrates distributed array 10 FBGs within multimode crystal fiber, made possible by employing high-power laser generate larger reflectors with Gaussian intensity profile. These offer advantages such as...

Understanding mold flux crystallization is essential for evaluating heat transfer during steel casting. In casting, the gap's complexity raises questions about ideal testing method and nucleation type—heterogeneous or homogeneous. This study examines how crucible materials influence crystallization, focusing on wetting behaviors of platinum graphite with flux. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was employed to observe in-situ nucleation, differential calorimetry (DSC) used...

Understanding mold flux crystallization is essential for evaluating heat transfer during steel casting. In casting, the gap's complexity raises questions about ideal testing method and nucleation type—heterogeneous or homogeneous. This study examines how crucible materials influence crystallization, focusing on wetting behaviors of platinum graphite with flux. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was employed to observe in-situ nucleation, differential calorimetry (DSC) used...

Understanding mold flux crystallization is essential for assessing heat transfer during steel casting. The complexity of the gap presents challenges in identifying optimal testing method and nucleation type. This study investigates how variations wetting properties influence dynamics, particular behaviors platinum graphite crucibles they affect temperatures solidification mechanisms. Advanced analytical techniques, including confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), differential calorimetry...

Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) show potential for gas storage and separation applications. However, they are often produced in fine-scale particulate form which can lead to handling fouling issues, example when inserted inside tanks. We provide the first demonstration a manufacturing technique millimeter scale PIM-based beads by freeze casting PIM-1 droplets. The shown exhibit similar Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas compared its original low pressure hydrogen isotherms...

Abstract The temperature of the quenchant and severity quench can significantly influence mechanical properties, phase transformations, hardness steels. This study examines through experimental numerical simulations to predict profiles fraction distributions for AISI 4135 steel.