Continuous casting in steel production uses specially developed oxyfluoride glasses (mold fluxes) to lubricate a mold and control the solidification of mold. The composition flux impacts properties, including basicity, viscosity, crystallization rate, all which affect stability process quality solidified steel. However, fluxes interact with during process, resulting chemistry changes that must be considered design. Currently, chemical determined by extracting samples from then processing...

This study demonstrated for the first time an in situ high-temperature fiber-optic Raman probe to structure of glass and slag samples at temperatures up 1400 °C. A customized external telescope was integrated into a portable extend optical working distance allow work environment. Three were evaluated demonstrate functionality probe. Room temperature spectra successfully collected analyzed. In addition, deconvolution algorithm used identify peaks spectrum that could then be related molecular...

This study reports the fabrication of an 4th-order line-by-line Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG) array using femtosecond laser inscription within a highly multimode coreless optical fiber, with particular focus on achieving substantial multiplexing capabilities. An ultra-fast annealing procedure is employed, resulting in impressive enhancement FBG sensor's fringe visibility by approximately 13 dB, signifying notable improvement ~4 dB. contributes to long-term stability and performance multiplexed...

The study investigates a refined heat treatment methodology tailored for commercial metal-coated optical fibers, with the objective of accurately reducing residual stress to prime them use in distributed sensing applications at high temperatures.

This Letter reports an innovative technique for fabricating large-scale, highly cascaded first-order sapphire optical fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) using a femtosecond laser-assisted point-by-point inscription method. For the first time, to best of our knowledge, this study successfully demonstrates distributed array 10 FBGs within multimode crystal fiber, made possible by employing high-power laser generate larger reflectors with Gaussian intensity profile. These offer advantages such as...

The mechanism and kinetics of corrosion BN–ZrO 2 –SiC (MYCROSINT ® SO43) by molten Si‐killed steel was studied. Isothermal tests were performed for duration between 8 h. Refractory composition morphology changes investigated. A kinetic model using process simulation software METSIM thermochemical FactSage developed to understand refractory–steel interactions. showed a deviation from parabolic fitted combination linear terms. It determined that the refractory governed dissolution SiC BN...

Solid solution effects on thermal conductivity within the MgO – Al 2 O 3 Ga system were studied. Samples with systematically varied additions of MgGa 4 MgAl prepared and laser flash technique was used to determine diffusivity at temperatures between 200°C 1300°C. Heat capacity as a function temperature from room 800°C also determined using differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC ). in decreases up 1000°C. At decreased 24% 5 mol% addition system. 1000°C, 13% addition. Steady‐state...

This research reports a distributed fiber optic high-temperature sensing system tailored for applications in the steel industry and various other sectors. Recent advancements optical sensor technology have led to exploration of sapphire crystal fibers as solution harsh environments. Utilizing femtosecond (fs) laser, cascaded Bragg gratings (FBGs) were meticulously fabricated within multimode fiber. These FBGs endowed with capabilities underwent rigorous testing under extreme temperatures,...

One approach to solving the problem of nozzle clogging during continuous casting aluminum‐killed steels is through careful selection materials. In this study, rate was measured while steel simulated nozzles produced from alumina, zirconia, magnesia, zirconia‐graphite, and alumina‐graphite ‐ three common base materials two carbon‐containing Spent were characterized using optical cathodoluminescence microscopy. Interactions between not observed in zirconia‐graphite nozzles. Slight interactions...

Modification of inclusions by titanium (Ti) additions in low-alloyed Si–Mn killed steels was studied. Formation the modified studied measuring inclusion count and chemistry. Mn–Si–Al–S–O based were observed steel, after de-oxidation, to which ferro-titanium (FeTi) made. Thermochemical software (FactSage) used study equilibrium between steel subsequent modification due Ti addition. Inclusion chemistry measured at different time intervals FeTi additions. MnO–SiO2 transformed TiO2–MnO–SiO2 with...

Boron nitride ( BN )‐based ceramics are often used as containment refractory in thin‐strip steel production. The interaction of this material ‐ Z r O 2 S i C :‐ MYCROSINT ® SO 43) was studied using a steel‐inclusion system laboratory setup. Isothermal tests were performed to evaluate the inclusions with refractory. It determined that corrosion occurs through dissolution mechanism and it more severe contact compared slag. A thermodynamic model developed F act age study change liquid...

The degradation of refractories used in the construction glass melting furnaces, whether caused by action molten glass, vaporized melt constituents, products fuel combustion, or batch dusts and vapors, can normally only be assessed after a campaign when furnace is partially completely disassembled. Corrosion tests to predict usually employs small specimens exposed accelerated working conditions which might not simulative. current testing procedures are discussed terms...

This article explores the prospects of using spatially distributed optical fiber temperature sensors based on Rayleigh frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) technology in continuous casting molten steel. The measurement capability a simulated steelmaking environment was demonstrated mock refractory-lined tundish, which fabricated in-house. Single-mode fibers, contained protective stainless-steel tubing, were embedded refractory lining tundish. instrumented tundish preheated up to 960 °C...

A new kinetic particle modeling framework was developed to investigate electrostatic transport of lunar regolith particles with applications the concept sieving. The approach is based on dynamics and includes major modules sampling size distribution, solving electric fields, tracking motion charged dust grains. Case studies for a sieving were chosen validate model. simulation achieved similar yields reported in previous works, which served as validation model computationally efficient could...