Selected-area diffraction establishes that at least six different in-plane orientations of monolayer graphene on Pd(111) can form during growth. From the intensities low-energy electron microscopy images as a function incident energy, we find work functions rotational domains vary by up to 0.15 eV. Density functional theory calculations show these significant variations result from orientation-dependent charge transfer Pd graphene. These findings suggest electronics will require precise...

Models based on the hyper-geometric distribution for estimating number of residual software faults are proposed. The application basic model shows that its fit to real data is good. Two ways improving model, using a segmentation technique and composite estimation, respectively, shown. appears quite effective, particularly when growth curve cumulative detected bends sharply. applications these models demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

We performed four-terminal conductivity measurements on a CoSi2 nanowire (NW) at room temperature by using PtIr-coated carbon nanotube (CNT) tips in four-tip scanning tunneling microscope. The physical stability and high aspect ratio of the CNT made it possible to reduce probe spacing down ca. 30 nm. probe-spacing dependence resistance showed diffusive transport even nm no current leakage Si substrate.

We have constructed a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) equipped with field ion (FIM), by which one can monitor and shape the STM probe tip on an atomic scale in situ chamber. Taking advantage of well-defined prepared FIM, we greatly improved stability reproducibility performance STM. Li K adsorption Si(001) 2×1 surface has been investigated ion-scanning microscopy (FI-STM). The images shown that at initial stage adsorption, (K) atoms (1) adsorb top dimer-forming Si (2) stabilize...

This letter presents a simple method for transferring epitaxial sheets of graphene on silicon carbide to other substrates. The was grown the (0001) face 6H-SiC by thermal annealing at 1550 °C in hydrogen atmosphere. Transfer accomplished using peeling process with bilayer film gold/polyimide, yield square millimeters coverage target substrate. Raman spectroscopy provided evidence that transferred material is single layer. Back gated field-effect transistors fabricated oxidized substrates...

Using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, in combination with density functional theory calculations, we investigated the morphology electronic structure of monolayer graphene grown on (111) (110) facets three-dimensional nickel islands highly oriented pyrolytic graphite substrate. We observed domains exhibiting hexagonal striped moiré patterns periodicities 22 12 Å, respectively, Ni islands. Graphene are also to grow, as single crystals, across adjacent over facet boundaries....

Here we report a technique for transferring graphene layers, one by one, from multilayer deposit formed epitaxial growth on the Si-terminated face of 6H-SiC substrate. The procedure uses bilayer film palladium/polyimide deposited onto coated SiC, which is then mechanically peeled away and placed target Orthogonal etching palladium polyimide leaves isolated sheets with sizes square centimeters. Repeating these steps transfers additional same SiC Raman spectroscopy, scanning tunneling...

Li and K adsorption on the Si(001)-(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) surface have been investigated by use of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We found that, at initial stage adsorption, (K) atoms (1) adsorb top one dimer-forming Si to form covalentlike directional bonds with tend stabilize asymmetric (buckled) dimerization, (2) linear chains, perpendicular substrate dimer rows. Our STM results are significantly different from conclusions earlier reports.

Abstract Monolayer membranes of conjugated carbon represent a class nanomaterial with demonstrated uses in various areas electronics, ranging from transparent, flexible, and stretchable thin film conductors, to semiconducting materials moderate high‐performance field‐effect transistors. Although graphene represents the most prominent example, many other more structurally chemically diverse systems are also interest. This article provides review synthetic integration strategies, speculates on...

We present a systematical study via scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) on the effect of exposure lithium graphene silicon carbide (SiC). have investigated Li deposition both epitaxial monolayer buffer layer surfaces Si face SiC. At room temperature, immediately intercalates at interface between SiC substrate transforms into quasi-free-standing graphene. This conclusion is substantiated by LEED STM evidence. show that intercalation occurs through...

Cs adsorption on the Si(100)2×1 surface was investigated by field ion-scanning tunneling microscope. It found that atoms occupy off-centered valley bridge site at initial coverage. The result, together with Li/K adsorption, can be understood well based strong interaction between directional dangling bonds and active alkali metal atoms.

Using in situ low-energy electron microscopy and density functional theory, we studied the growth structure work function of bilayer graphene on Pd(111). Low-energy diffraction analysis established that two layers have multiple rotational orientations relative to each other substrate plane. We observed heterogeneous nucleation simultaneous multiple, faceted prior completion second layer. propose facetted shapes are due zigzag-terminated edges bounding growing under larger overlying layers....

It is shown that the hyper-geometric distribution model can be applied to different types of test-and-debug data estimate number initial software faults. Examples show fitness estimated growth curves real satisfactory. The relationship those proposed earlier clarified. Some them expressed as a special case model. S-shaped characteristic curve also introduced using this model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Using in situ low-energy electron microscopy and density functional theory calculations, we follow the growth of monolayer graphene on Pd(111) via surface segregation bulk-dissolved carbon. Upon lowering substrate temperature, nucleation begins graphene-free Pd continues to occur during growth. Measurements rates work functions establish that this continued is due increasing C adatom concentration with time. We attribute anomalous phenomenon a large barrier for attachment adatoms coupled...

Using a field ion-scanning tunneling microscope (FI-STM), the adsorption process of Li on Si(111)7×7 surface has been studied. At initial stage, trimers are formed preferentially in faulted half 7×7 unit cell. higher coverages, these coalesce to form six-atom and nine-atom clusters across interface between unfaulted halves. It is suggested, based careful study sites, that Si adatoms dimer–adatom-stacking fault (DAS) model may be removed upon adsorption.

SUMMARY The structure of copper phthalocyanine has been studied by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To reduce radiation damage, the technique minimal beam exposure used together with X‐ray film for recording image. This resulted in very noisy micrographs but optical averaging clearly revealed molecular shape phthalocyanine, and also showed that a slight discrepancy exists between averaged image, model which had assumed to be isomorphous platinum phthalocyanine.

We investigate the morphology of quasi-free-standing monolayer graphene (QFMLG) formed at several temperatures by hydrogen intercalation and discuss its relationship with transport properties. Features corresponding to incomplete graphene-substrate interface are observed scanning tunneling microscopy on QFMLG 600 800 °C. They contribute carrier scattering as charged impurities. Voids in SiC substrate wrinkling appear 1000 °C, they decrease mobility significantly.

A metal-coated carbon nanotube (CNT) tip for scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has been developed. By pulsed laser deposition (PLD), a CNT attached to tungsten was uniformly coated with 3–6 nm of thin layer. The observation Si(111)-7×7 surface using the tungsten-coated demonstrated stable atomic imaging and potentiality spectroscopy (STS) measurement, which can be achieved from pristine stage. It that mechanical robustness flexibility were maintained by virtue

Using scanning tunneling microscopy, reversible phase transitions have been detected in the modulated pseudomorphic In monolayer on Si(111) surface. It has found that room-temperature quasihexagonal $\sqrt{7}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{3}$ structure is transformed into $\sqrt{7}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{7}$ during cooling temperature range from $265\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}225\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. Further...

To realize applications of hydrogen-adsorbed graphene, a main issue is how to control hydrogen adsorption/desorption at room temperature. In this study, we demonstrate the possibility tune adsorption on graphene by applying gate voltage. The influence voltage and its properties was investigated electrical transport measurements, scanning tunneling microscopy, density functional theory calculations. We show that more adsorbs with negative (p-type doping), compared without or positive (n-type...

We have established a fabrication process for conductive carbon nanotube (CNT) tips multiprobe scanning tunneling microscope (STM) with high yield. This was achieved, first, by attaching CNT at the apex of supporting W tip dielectrophoresis method, second, reinforcing adhesion between and electron beam deposition hydrocarbon subsequent heating, finally wholly coating it thin metal layer pulsed laser deposition. More than 90% survived after long-distance transportation in air, indicating...

Visible-light communication systems are suitable to realize secure indoor networks. In this paper, an optical CDMA scheme employing EWO signaling with inverted sequences of MPSC or GMPSC is proposed for visible-light systems. The has the property canceling MUI as well conventional EWO-MPSC scheme. Average light intensity and normalized fluctuation multiplexed signals investigated by computer simulation. It shown that more visible communication, since it lower higher average intensity, in...