A5073812462- Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Noise Effects and Management
- Marine and fisheries research
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Marine and coastal plant biology
- Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
- Health Policy Implementation Science
- Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
- Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
- Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
- Ethics in Clinical Research
- Thermal Regulation in Medicine
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Biochemical effects in animals
- Education, Psychology, and Social Research
National Institutes of Health
2013-2024
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
2024
Pennsylvania State University
2024
University of the Virgin Islands
2017
United States Virgin Islands Department of Health
2017
University of Auckland
2008-2015
The Centre for Health (New Zealand)
2015
Queen Mary University of London
2015
UK Centre for Tobacco & Alcohol Studies
2015
Old Dominion University
2015
Placebo-controlled trials indicate that cytisine, a partial agonist binds the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and is used for smoking cessation, almost doubles chances of quitting at 6 months. We investigated whether cytisine was least as effective nicotine-replacement therapy in helping smokers to quit.
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes or electronic nicotine delivery systems [ENDS]) are electrically powered devices generally similar in appearance to a cigarette that deliver propylene glycol and/or glycerol mist the airway of users when drawing on mouthpiece. Nicotine and other substances such as flavourings may be included fluid vaporised by device. People report using e-cigarettes help quit smoking studies their effects tobacco withdrawal craving suggest good potential cessation aids....
This randomized study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of continued treatment with protease inhibitor plus nucleoside-analogue combination regimens (n = 79) or a change to simplified regimen abacavir-lamivudine-zidovudine 84) in patients suppressed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA for ⩾6 months who did not have reverse transcriptase 215 mutation. After median follow-up 84 weeks, virologic failure was 6% continuation 15% group (P .081). Previous zidovudine monotherapy...
ABSTRACT Aim To determine the combined effect of very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes and usual Quitline care [nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) behavioural support] on smoking abstinence, in smokers motivated to quit. Design Single‐blind, parallel randomized trial. Setting New Zealand. Participants Smokers who called for quitting support were either VLNC use whenever they had an urge smoke up 6 weeks after their quit date, combination with (8 NRT patches and/or gum or lozenges, plus...
Fish-derived omega-3 fatty acids have long been associated with cardiovascular protection. In this trial, we assessed whether treatment a guideline-recommended moderate-dose fish oil supplement could improve biomarkers, mood- and health-related quality of life in patients ischemic stroke.Patients CT-confirmed stroke were randomized to 3 g/day encapsulated containing approximately 1.2 g total (0.7 docosahexaenoic acid; 0.3 eicosapentaenoic acid) or placebo (combination palm soy) taken daily...
To determine the effect of offering smokers who want to quit easy access nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), a period familiarization and choice product on smoking abstinence at 6 months.Single-blind, randomized controlled trial.New Zealand.A total 1410 adult called national Quitline for quitting support were usual care or box containing different NRT products (patch, gum, inhaler, sublingual tablet, oral pouch) try week prior quitting, then choose one two these 8 weeks' use.The primary...
Caribbean seagrass habitats provide food and protection for reef-associated juvenile fish. The invasive Halophila stipulacea is rapidly altering these seascapes. Since its arrival in the 2002, H. has colonized displaced native seagrasses, but function of this as a fish habitat remains unknown. To compare diversity, community structure, abundance between beds, traps were deployed four nearshore bays around St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. Traps Frenchman, Lindbergh, Sprat Bays 24 h intervals...
<h3>Objective</h3> To determine if smokers unmotivated to quit reduce usual cigarette consumption when cigarettes priced according nicotine content are made available. <h3>Methods</h3> Randomised, parallel-group, trial (ACTRN12612000914864) undertaken in Wakatipu/Central Otago, New Zealand. Dependent adult daily were randomly allocated an intervention group provided with 12 weeks supply of free very low (VLNC) cigarettes, or a control group, who purchase their brand over the same period. The...
Cytisine and varenicline are partial receptor agonists that inhibit the attachment of nicotine to receptors. Both effective aids smoking cessation. Varenicline is commonly used for this purpose in United States worldwide. has been available cessation more than 40 years, largely Eastern Europe, not States. less expensive other replacement therapy (NRT). Placebo-controlled trials several systematic reviews indicate cytisine almost doubles chances quitting at 6 months. No have compared...
Smokers need effective support to maximise the chances of successful quit attempts. Current smoking cessation medications, such as nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), bupropion, nortriptyline or varenicline, have been shown be in clinical trials but are underused by smokers attempting due adverse effects, contraindications, low acceptability and/or high cost. Cytisine is a low-cost, plant-based alkaloid that has sold aid Eastern Europe for 50 years. A systematic review trial evidence...
Current smoking cessation treatments focus on addressing the pharmacological dependence of smokers nicotine. However, new strategies are needed that address both nicotine and psychological cigarettes as source Evidence from a number small studies suggests use with reduced content, in combination replacement therapy (NRT), may help reduce withdrawal symptoms increase quit rates. This paper describes protocol for large randomised-controlled trial to test effect using nicotine-free together NRT...
Abstract Objective: To report on the use of New Zealand Quitline for recruiting participants to a smoking cessation trial. Methods: Analysis data trial recruitment and randomisation. Results: 68% 26,369 callers over 12 months indicated an interest in taking part research, 28% whom met eligibility criteria intervention trial, assessed routinely collected at registration. Of these, 1317 (26%) were contacted by call back with 1027 (78%) agreeing take After further checking 851 people...
Abstract Coral reefs are declining worldwide due to anthropogenic-driven environmental change. The foundation and health of these ecosystems rely on the harmonious functioning all members coral holobionts, i.e., cnidarian host, symbiotic microalgae, associated microbiome. stress responses often involve shifts in taxonomic identity their symbionts microbiomes. Tracing back changes holobiont composition over prolonged time periods can help us reconstruct history gain a better understanding...
Abstract A promising direction of HIV-1 vaccine research has been eliciting fusion peptide (FP)-directed broadly neutralizing antibodies. To investigate if a potent FP-directed response could be induced, 10 macaques were infected with simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) after immunization via FP priming and envelope trimer boosting. While the responses for some dramatically increased within 8 weeks SHIV infection, another macaque, JC69, displayed cross-clade that grew in magnitude...