Enteroviruses can cause outbreaks of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (characterized by vesicular lesions on the hands, feet, and oral mucosa) or herpangina, usually without life-threatening manifestations. In 1998 an epidemic enterovirus 71 infection caused herpangina in thousands people Taiwan, some whom died.We assessed epidemiologic aspects this outbreak. Cases ambulatory patients were reported to Taiwan Department Health a mean 818 sentinel physicians. Severe cases hospitalized 40 medical...

An outbreak of enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection occurred in Taiwan 1998. The clinical spectrums and laboratory findings for 97 patients with virus culture-proven EV71 infections were analyzed. Eighty-seven percent the younger than age 5 years. Hand-foot-and-mouth syndrome 79% children central nervous system (CNS) involvement 35%, including nine fatal cases. predominant neurological presentations myoclonus (68%), vomiting (53%), ataxia (35%). Brain stem encephalitis was cardinal feature CNS...

Taiwan experienced several epidemics of enterovirus 71 (EV71) infections, which were associated with brainstem encephalitis (BE) and pulmonary edema (PE). To elucidate the role immune mechanisms in pathogenesis BE caused by EV71 its fatal complication, PE, we analyzed laboratory findings, cytokine, immunophenotypes 73 EV71-infected patients BE. Patients stratified disease: PE (n=14), autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation (n=25), isolated (n=34). The mortality rate for was 64.3%....

ABSTRACT A mouse-adapted enterovirus 71 (EV71) strain with increased virulence in mice, MP4, was generated after four serial passages of the parental EV71 4643 mice. Strain MP4 exhibited a larger plaque size, grew more rapidly, and cytotoxic vitro than 4643. Although strains both induced apoptosis SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells, virulent 1-day-old mice (50% lethal doses, 10 2 4 PFU/mouse, respectively). (5 × 6 PFU/mouse), but not 4643, could orally infect 7-day-old resulting rear-limb...

In recent years, enterovirus 71 (EV71) has been a cause of numerous outbreaks hand-foot-and-mouth disease, with severe neurological complications in the Asia-Pacific region. The reemergence Taiwan EV71 genotype B5 2008 resulted largest outbreak past 11 years. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that dominant changes from B to C or occurred at least three times between 1986 and 2008. Furthermore, antigenic cartography by using neutralization tests revealed reemerging strains formed separate...

Inoculation of enterovirus 71 (EV71) by the oral (p.o.), intramuscular (i.m.), or intracranial route resulted in brain infection, flaccid paralysis, pulmonary dysfunction, and death 7-day-old mice. The lag time disease progression indicated that neuroinvasion from inoculation sites was a prerequisite for development clinical signs. Although EV71 p.o. led to persistent viremia transient increase blood-brain barrier permeability at early stage only low levels virus, which neither severe...

Innate immune response is important for viral clearance during influenza virus infection. Galectin-1, which belongs to S-type lectins, contains a conserved carbohydrate recognition domain that recognizes galactose-containing oligosaccharides. Since the envelope proteins of are highly glycosylated, we studied role galectin-1 in infection vitro and mice. We found was upregulated lungs mice There positive correlation between levels loads acute phase Cells treated with recombinant human...

Because the pathogenesis of enterovirus 71 (EV71) remains mostly ambiguous, identifying factors that mediate viral binding and entry to host cells is indispensable ultimately uncover mechanisms underlie virus infection pathogenesis. Despite identification several receptors/attachment molecules for EV71, binding, entry, EV71 remain unclear. Herein, we employed glycoproteomic approaches identify human nucleolin as a novel receptor EV71. Glycoproteins purified by lectin chromatography from...

ABSTRACT Two outbreaks of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) occurred in Taiwan between 1998 and 2000. Enteroviruses were isolated from a total 1,892 patients this laboratory during period. Of the virus isolates, enterovirus 71 (EV71) was diagnosed 44.4% (132 297) 1998, 2% (13 646) 1999, 20.5% (195 949) Genetic analyses 5′-untranslated VP1 regions EV71 isolates by reverse transcription-PCR sequencing performed to understand diversity these HFMD. Most epidemic belonged genotype C, while only...

In this study, the contribution of type I interferons (IFNs) to protection against infection with enterovirus 71 (EV71) was investigated using a murine model where virus administrated neonatal Institute Cancer Research (ICR) mice by either intraperitoneal (i.p.) or oral route. i.p. inoculated mice, post-infection treatment dexamethasone (5 mg kg −1 at 2 3 days after infection) exacerbated clinical symptoms and increased tissue viral titre. contrast, polyriboinosinic : polyribocytidylic acid...

ABSTRACT The present study examined the association of specific virus infections with acute respiratory tract conditions among hospitalized and outpatient children in a subtropical country. A total 2,295 were detected 6,986 patients between 1997 1999, including caused by syncytial (RSV) (1.7%), parainfluenza (2.0%), influenza B (2.6%), adenovirus (4.0%), herpes simplex type 1 (4.4%), (5.5%), enterovirus (12.7%). There 61 mixed infections, no consistent seasonal variation was found. One or...

Abstract Enterovirus (EV) infections are common. There more than 60 known serotypes, and each has different epidemiologic or medical importance. Over 700 physicians from 75% of basic administrative units Taiwan participated in the “Sentinel Physician Surveillance Infectious Disease” reported weekly to Center for Disease Control—Taiwan with data on various infections. Data laboratory‐confirmed EV this surveillance between 2000 2005 was analyzed. serotypes were determined by immunofluorescence...

Background. Brainstem encephalitis (BE) is a serious neurological complication of enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection. The present study was designed to determine the characteristics chemokine response in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) patients with EV71-associated BE.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) has caused several epidemics of hand, foot and mouth diseases (HFMD) in Asia. No effective EV71 vaccine is available. A randomized open-label phase I clinical study registered with ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT01268787, aims to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity immunogenicity a formalin-inactivated candidate (EV71vac) at 5- 10-µg doses. In this we report cross-neutralizing antibody responses from each volunteer against different subgenotypes CVA16.Sixty eligible healthy...

Background Enterovirus 71 (EV71) has emerged as a neuroinvasive virus responsible for several large outbreaks in the Asia-Pacific region while virulence determinant remains unexplored. Principal Findings In this report, we investigated increased of unadapted EV71 clinical isolate 237 compared with 4643 mice. A fragment 12 nucleotides length stem loop (SL) II 5′-untranslated (UTR) visibly reduced survival time and rate mice was identified by constructing series infectious clones harboring...

Vascular leakage is one of the salient characteristics severe dengue. Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) dengue virus (DENV) can stimulate endothelial cells to secrete hyperpermeability factor, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and glycocalyx degradation heparanase (HPA-1). However, it unclear whether MIF directly involved in NS1-induced degradation. In this study, we observed that among NS1, degradation-related molecules, HPA-1, metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) syndecan (CD138) serum...

We previously reported that Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection activates autophagy, which promotes viral replication both in vitro and vivo. In the present study we further investigated whether EV71 of neuronal SK-N-SH cells induces an autophagic flux. Furthermore, effects autophagy on EV71-related pathogenesis load were evaluated after intracranial inoculation mouse-adapted (MP4 strain) into 6-day-old ICR suckling mice.We demonstrated EV71-infected cells, structural protein VP1 nonstructural...

Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) is an important pathogen caused large outbreaks in Asian-Pacific region with severe neurological complications and may lead to death young children. Understanding of the etiological spectrum epidemic changes population's immunity against EV71 are crucial for implementation future therapeutic prophylactic intervention. A total 1,182 patients who presented symptoms hand foot mouth disease (67.3%) or herpangina (HA) (16.7%) admitted hospitals during 2008-2013 were...

A microfluidic chip featuring HA × NA arrayed reaction chambers for RT-PCR was developed diagnosis and subtyping of influenza viruses.