A5024184670- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- African Botany and Ecology Studies
- Natural product bioactivities and synthesis
- Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies
- Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Blood donation and transfusion practices
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
- ICT in Developing Communities
- Plant Toxicity and Pharmacological Properties
- Ginkgo biloba and Cashew Applications
- Traditional and Medicinal Uses of Annonaceae
- Phytochemical compounds biological activities
- Botanical Research and Chemistry
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Plant tissue culture and regeneration
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2010-2023
Karolinska Institutet
2015-2023
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2020
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2010-2011
University of Nairobi
1980-2007
Globally, the population of elderly persons is increasing as well prevalence chronic diseases. This change causing increased healthcare costs to health care systems threatening push many households into poverty. Low and middle income countries are projected experience greatest impact from this change. study aims describe common diseases (CCDs) among in Vietnam, associated socio-demographic factors expenditures.This a cross-sectional FilaBavi demographic surveillance site Vietnam. 2873 over...
In 2017, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimated that worldwide, 36.9 million persons were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, infection causes acquired syndrome (AIDS). Among HIV approximately 75% aware of their status, leaving 9.4 undiagnosed (1). Index testing, also known as partner notification or contact tracing, is an effective case-finding strategy targets exposed contacts HIV-positive for testing services. This report summarizes data...
The scale-up of HIV treatment programs has resulted in a reduction HIV-related morbidity and mortality. However, retention patients these remains challenge sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding factors associated with loss to follow-up (LTFU) mortality outcomes is therefore important inform targeted program interventions.
Following a 1994 study showing high rate of transfusion-associated HIV, Kenya implemented WHO blood safety recommendations including: organizing the National Blood Transfusion Service (NBTS), stringent donor selection, and universal screening with fourth-generation p24 antigen HIV antibody assays. Here, we estimate risk transmission in resulting from NBTS laboratory error consider potential benefit instituting pooled nucleic acid testing (NAT) to reduce window period transmission.From...
Background and Objectives Blood safety sufficiency are major challenges in Kenya other sub‐Saharan African countries forcing many to rely on family replacement donors (FRD). We analysed data from a national AIDS indicator survey describe blood potential risks of transfusion transmissible infections (TTI) comparing voluntary FRD. Materials Methods A population‐based, cross‐sectional was conducted 2007 among 15‐ 64‐ year‐olds. Consenting participants were interviewed about donation history...
Improving retention in prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) HIV programs is critical optimize maternal and infant health outcomes, especially now that lifelong treatment immediate regardless CD4 cell count). The WelTel strategy using weekly short message service (SMS) engage patients care Kenya, where mobile coverage even poor areas widespread has been shown improve adherence antiretroviral therapy (ART) viral load suppression among those on ART. aim this study determine the...
The repellancy of essential oils eight Lippia species on maize weevils was compared with NN-diethyltoluamide (DEET). larvicidal activity these also examined. As a repellant, the oil L. ukambensis (chemotype camphor) most active. Other promising repellants were javanica, dauensis, somalensis and grandifolia. wilmsii active as larvicide. Individual hydrocarbon monoterpene constituents generally more than oxygenated oils.
Abstract Background and setting About 20% of persons living with HIV aged 15–64 years did not know their status in Kenya, by 2018. Kenya adopted self-testing (HIVST) to help close this gap. We examined the sociodemographic characteristics outcomes self-reported users HIVST as our primary outcome. Methods used data from a 2018 population-based cross-sectional household survey which we included behavioral test results. To compare weighted proportions, Rao-Scott χ-square Jackknife variance...
Retention in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) care is critical to prevent vertical HIV and reduce morbidity mortality mother-infant pairs. We investigated whether weekly, interactive text-messaging improved 18-month postpartum retention PMTCT care. This randomised, two-armed, parallel trial was conducted at six clinics western Kenya. Pregnant women with least 18 years age access a mobile phone, able text-message, or had somebody who could text on their behalf, were...
AbstractA methanol extract of O. corniculata showed relaxant activity on isolated rabbit ileum which was dose-dependent. The plant also cardiorelaxant heart. In anaesthetised rats, a fall in diastolic pressure, with lesser systolic observed.Keywords:: corniculataOxalidaceaerabbit ileumantispasmodiccardiorelaxant
Abstract Chloroform extract of Prunus africana (Hook f. (Rosaceae) did not cause clinical signs or pathology in rats at daily oral doses up to 1000 mg/kg for 8 weeks. The caused marked signs, organ damage and a 50% mortality rate dose 3.3 g/kg 6 days. main lesions observed this were centrilobular hepatocellular degeneration necrosis, diffuse nephrosis, myocardial degeneration, lymphocytic necrosis neuronal degeneration. morphological these tissues corresponding rise blood biochemical...
Myrica salicifolia Hoechst (Myricaceae) root extract was found to have analgesic activity in mice. In rats there antipyretic but no antiinflammatory activity. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abstract The hydro-distilled essential oil (1.6%) of fresh aerial parts wild Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt was analyzed by GC-MS. Fifty compounds representing 96.5% the were identified. main components linalool (27.4%), citronellol (10.9%), geraniol (8.5%), α-calacorene, cis-calamenene (4.3%), β-elemene (3.9%) and longifolene (3.5%). exhibited low antimicrobial activity. Keywords: winterianusessential compositionlinaloolcitronellolgeraniolantimicrobial activity
Abstract Mother-to-child transmission of HIV remains a significant concern in Africa despite earlier progress. Early infant diagnosis (EID) is crucial to reduce mortality among infected infants through early treatment initiation. However, large proportion HIV-exposed are still not tested Kenya. Our objective was investigate whether weekly interactive text-messages improved prevention mother-to-child (PMTCT) care outcomes including EID testing. This multicentre, parallel-group, randomised,...
Background: The UNAIDS 90-90-90 Fast-Track targets provide a framework for assessing coverage of HIV testing services (HTS) and awareness status - the "first 90." In Kenya, bulk are aligned to five highest HIV-burden counties. However, we do not know if most new diagnoses in these highest-burden counties or elsewhere. Methods: We analyzed facility-level HTS data Kenya from 1 October 2015 30 September 2016 assess spatial distribution newly diagnosed HIV-positives. used Moran's Index (Moran's...
Standardized tools are used to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and they focus on selected physical, emotional, social functioning. This approach may miss out the heterogeneity HRQoL among various sub-populations. The patient-generated index (PGI) is a tool based patients' expectations. Among patients living with HIV, an important indicator as world moves beyond UNAIDS 90-90-90 goals, towards so-called fourth 90 that aims at good HRQoL. We compared PGI Euroqol 5 Dimension...
Retention of patients who did not initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been persistently low compared to those initiated ART. Understanding the temporal trends in clinical outcomes prior ART initiation may inform interventions targeting do immediately after diagnosis.A retrospective cohort analysis known HIV-infected from healthcare facilities Central Kenya was done investigate characteristics, retention, and mortality outcomes. The data were sourced Comprehensive Care Clinic Patient...
Abstract Background : The scale-up of HIV treatment programs has resulted in a reduction HIV-related morbidity and mortality. However, retention patients these remains challenge sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding factors associated with loss to follow-up (LTFU) mortality outcomes is therefore important inform targeted program interventions. Methods A retrospective multi-cohort analysis 23,890 adult on ART over 36 months Kenya was done. Multivariate logistic regression done assess for LTFU at...
Expanded access to HIV treatment services has improved outcomes for children and adolescents living with in Kenya. Minimal data are available on these outcomes. We describe temporal trends initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) from 2004 2014 at sites supported by Centre Health Solutions-Kenya, central retrospectively analyzed 0-9 years of age (n = 3,519) 10-19 1,663) HIV, who newly initiated ART 47 health facilities Year cohorts were the Comprehensive Patient Application Database (CPAD)...
Abstract Background Retention of patients who are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains a challenge especially in the setting rapid expansion HIV services. care vital to continuum, and has been associated with viral suppression improved survival. This study aimed ascertain survival rates, time loss follow-up (LTFU) or mortality events factors LTFU among enrolled on at health facilities central Kenya. Methods was retrospective cohort initiated ART between 2004 2012 Demographic...
Abstract The composition of the essential oil Blumea brevipes (Oliv. & Hiern) Willd. isolated by hydrodistillation was analysed GC and GC‐MS. Sixty‐eight compounds constituting about 94% were identified. main components terpinen‐4‐ol (27.6%), germacrene‐D (15.4%), sabinene (8.0%) α‐terpinene (5.5%). B. presented here (terpinenol‐germacrene‐type) is different from that other /Laggera species.