A5007070615- Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology
- Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Glaucoma and retinal disorders
- Retinal Imaging and Analysis
- Robotics and Automated Systems
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Face Recognition and Perception
- EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Spatial Cognition and Navigation
- Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Data Visualization and Analytics
- Ocular Surface and Contact Lens
- Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
- Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Augmented Reality Applications
- Software Engineering Techniques and Practices
- Action Observation and Synchronization
- Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
- Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
- Motor Control and Adaptation
- Software Engineering Research
- Usability and User Interface Design
- Misinformation and Its Impacts
Lund University
2016-2025
Technical University of Munich
2023
IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca
2023
University of Hong Kong
2010-2018
Chinese University of Hong Kong
2010-2017
University of Münster
2017
Cal Humanities
2015
The advent of inexpensive consumer virtual reality equipment enables many more researchers to study perception with naturally moving observers. One such system, the HTC Vive, offers a large field-of-view, high-resolution head mounted display together room-scale tracking system for less than thousand U.S. dollars. If position and orientation this is sufficient accuracy precision, it could be suitable much research that currently done far expensive systems. Here we present quantitative test...
Eye movements have been extensively studied in a wide range of research fields. While new methods such as mobile eye tracking and virtual/augmented realities are emerging quickly, the eye-movement terminology has scarcely revised. We assert that this may cause confusion about two main concepts: fixations saccades. In study, we assessed definitions saccades held field, by surveying 124 researchers. These researchers variety saccades, which breadth seems even wider than what is reported...
A guideline is proposed that comprises the minimum items to be reported in research studies involving an eye tracker and human or non-human primate participant(s). This was developed over a 3-year period using consensus-based process via open invitation international tracking community. will reviewed at maximum intervals of 4 years.
Abstract Researchers using eye tracking are heavily dependent on software and hardware tools to perform their studies, from recording data visualizing it, processing analyzing it. This article provides an overview of available for research trackers discusses considerations make when choosing which adopt one’s study.
Eye-tracking research in infants and older children has gained a lot of momentum over the last decades. Although eye-tracking these participant groups become easier with advance remote eye-tracker, this often comes at cost poorer data quality than well-trained adults (Hessels, Andersson, Hooge, Nyström, & Kemner Infancy, 20, 601–633, 2015; Wass, Forssman, Leppänen 19, 427–460, 2014). Current fixation detection algorithms are not built for from young children. As result, some researchers have...
The marketing materials of remote eye-trackers suggest that data quality is invariant to the position and orientation participant as long eyes are within eye-tracker's headbox, area where tracking possible. As such, marketed allowing reliable recording gaze from groups cannot be restrained, such infants, schoolchildren patients with muscular or brain disorders. Practical experience previous research, however, tells us eye-tracking quality, e.g. accuracy recorded amount loss, deteriorates...
Abstract Mobile head-worn eye trackers allow researchers to record eye-movement data as participants freely move around and interact with their surroundings. However, participant behavior may cause the tracker slip on participant’s head, potentially strongly affecting quality. To investigate how this eye-tracker slippage affects quality, we designed experiments in which mimic behaviors that can a mobile move. Specifically, investigated quality when speak, make facial expressions, tracker....
Abstract We present GlassesViewer, open-source software for viewing and analyzing eye-tracking data of the Tobii Pro Glasses 2 head-mounted eye tracker as well scene videos other streams (pupil size, gyroscope, accelerometer, TTL input) that this headset can record. The provides following functionality written in MATLAB: (1) a graphical interface navigating study- recording structure produced by 2; (2) to unpack, parse, synchronize various video comprising recording; (3) 2’s gaze direction,...
A number of virtual reality head-mounted displays (HMDs) with integrated eye trackers have recently become commercially available. If their tracking latency is low and reliable enough for gaze-contingent rendering, this may open up many interesting opportunities researchers. We measured latencies the Fove-0, Varjo VR-1, High Tech Computer Corporation (HTC) Vive Pro Eye using simultaneous electrooculography measurements. determined time from occurrence an position change to its availability...
Abstract Blinks, the closing and opening of eyelids, are used in a wide array fields where human function behavior studied. In data from video-based eye trackers, blink rate duration often estimated pupil-size signal. However, blinks their parameters can be only indirectly this signal, since it does not explicitly contain information about eyelid position. We ask whether detected an openness signal that estimates distance between eyelids (EO blinks) comparable to with traditional algorithm...
Abstract Manual classification is still a common method to evaluate event detection algorithms. The procedure often as follows: Two or three human coders and the algorithm classify significant quantity of data. In gold standard approach, deviations from classifications are considered be due mistakes algorithm. However, little known about in eye tracking. To what extent do larger group agree? Twelve experienced but untrained classified fixations 6 min adult infant eye-tracking When using...
Abstract How well can modern wearable eye trackers cope with head and body movement? To investigate this question, we asked four participants to stand still, walk, skip, jump while fixating a static physical target in space. We did for six different trackers. All the were capable of recording gaze during most dynamic episodes (skipping jumping). The accuracy became worse as movement got wilder. During skipping jumping, biggest error was 5.8 ∘ . However, errors smaller than 3 discuss...
Abstract We built a novel setup to record large gaze shifts (up 140 $$^\circ $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∘</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> ). The consists of wearable eye tracker and high-speed camera with fiducial marker technology track the head. tested our by replicating findings from classic eye–head shift literature. conclude that new inexpensive is good enough investigate dynamics shifts. This could be used for future...
The advent of foundation models signals a new era in artificial intelligence. Segment Anything Model (SAM) is the first model for image segmentation. In this study, we evaluate SAM's ability to segment features from eye images recorded virtual reality setups. increasing requirement annotated eye-image datasets presents significant opportunity SAM redefine landscape data annotation gaze estimation. Our investigation centers on zero-shot learning abilities and effectiveness prompts like...
Abstract We present Titta, an open-source toolbox for controlling eye trackers manufactured by Tobii AB from MATLAB and Python. The provides a wrapper around the Pro SDK, providing convenient graphical participant setup, calibration validation interface implemented using PsychToolbox PsychoPy toolboxes. furthermore enables Python experiments to communicate with Lab through TalkToProLab tool. This be created run freedom of Python, while recording can visualized analyzed in Lab. All...
The magnitude of variation in the gaze position signals recorded by an eye tracker, also known as its precision, is important aspect tracker's data quality. However, quality eye-tracking still poorly understood. In this paper, we therefore investigate following: (1) How do various available measures characterizing during fixation relate to each other? (2) are they influenced signal type? (3) What type noise should be used augment when evaluating eye-movement analysis methods? To support our...
It is commonly assumed that algorithmic curation of search results creates filter bubbles, where users' beliefs are continually reinforced and opposing views suppressed. However, empirical evidence has failed to support this hypothesis. Instead, it been suggested bubbles may result from individuals engaging selectively with information in engine pages. "self-imposed bubble hypothesis" remained empirically untested. In study, we find for the hypothesis using eye-tracking technology link...
Eye trackers are applied in many research fields (e.g., cognitive science, medicine, marketing research). To give meaning to the eye-tracking data, researchers have a broad choice of classification methods extract various behaviors saccade, blink, fixation) from gaze signal. There is extensive literature about different algorithms. Surprisingly, not much known effect fixation and saccade selection rules that usually (implicitly) applied. We want answer following question: What impact...
According to the proposal for a minimum reporting guideline an eye tracking study by Holmqvist et al. (2022), accuracy (in degrees) of data should be reported. Currently, there is no easy way determine wearable recordings. To enable determining quickly and easily, we have produced simple validation procedure using printable poster accompanying Python software. We tested with 61 participants one tracker. In addition, software was six different trackers. found that can administered within...
Abstract Eye tracking technology has become increasingly prevalent in scientific research, offering unique insights into oculomotor and cognitive processes. The present article explores the relationship between theory, research question, use of eye-tracking technology. It aims to guide readers determining if eye is suitable for their studies how formulate relevant questions. Examples from on control, reading, scene perception, task execution, visual expertise, instructional design are used...
Abstract Irrespective of the precision, inaccuracy a pupil-based eye tracker is about 0.5 $$^\circ $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mo>∘</mml:mo> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> . This paper delves into two factors that potentially increase gaze signal, namely, 1) Pupil-size changes and pupil-size artefact (PSA) 2) putative inability experienced individuals to precisely refixate visual target. Experiment 1 utilizes traditional...