Concentrations of estradiol, estrone, and ethinylestradiol were measured in the water column (daily for 28 or 14 days) bed sediment (weekly over same period) River Nene Lea, U.K., upstream downstream sewage treatment works (STW). The concentrations three steroids STW effluents also measured. Estrone was detected at highest concentration almost all samples from effluents, ranging <0.4 to 12.2 ng/L. Estradiol frequently (<0.4−4.3 ng/L), but infrequently (<0.4−3.4 ng/L). Positive detections...

In this study a number of analytical procedures are described to determine pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) their metabolites during sewage treatment. The work shows that PPCPs occur in influent removed by various wastewater treatment processes. include wide range chemicals such as prescription drugs well diagnostic agents, fragrances, sun-screen other compounds commonly present household items (e.g. detergents, cleaners, toothpastes etc.). During including painkillers...

Abstract 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), a synthetic oestrogen in oral contraceptives, is one of many pharmaceuticals found inland waterways worldwide as result human consumption and excretion into wastewater treatment systems. At low parts per trillion (ppt), EE2 induces feminisation male fish, diminishing reproductive success causing fish population collapse. Intended water quality standards for set much needed global precedent. Ozone activated carbon provide effective treatments, but their...

Abstract Predicted concentrations of estrone, 17β‐estradiol, and 17α‐ethinylestradiol generated from a geographical information systems‐based model (LF2000‐WQX) have previously been used to assess the risk causing intersex in male fish rivers England Wales, United Kingdom. Few measured data sufficient quality spatial extent available verify this assessment. New collected sewage treatment plant effluents receiving waters upstream downstream these discharges Erewash River Avon systems England....

Antidepressant drugs (ADDs) are one of the most extensively used pharmaceuticals globally. They act at particularly low therapeutic concentrations to modulate monoamine neurotransmission, which is evolutionary conserved pathways in both humans and animal species including invertebrates. As ADDs widely detected aquatic environment (ng/L µg/L), their potential exert drug-target mediated effects has raised serious concerns. Amitriptyline (AMI) tricyclic ADD, while monoamines, target ADDs, major...

Steroid estrogens are thought to be the major cause of feminization (intersex) in wild fish. Widely used wastewater treatment technologies not effective at removing these contaminants concentrations required protect aquatic wildlife. A number advanced processes have been proposed reduce entering environment. Before investment is made such processes, it imperative that we compare their efficacy terms removal steroid and feminizing effects with other options. This study assessed both intersex...

Sexual disruption in wild fish has been linked to the contamination of river systems with steroid oestrogens, including pharmaceutical 17α-ethinylestradiol, originating from domestic wastewaters. As analytical chemistry advanced, more compounds derived human use pharmaceuticals have identified environment and questions arisen as whether these additional may also impact sexual fish. Indeed, anti-androgens shown induce such effects under laboratory conditions. These are particular interest...

The extremely persistent molluscicide, metaldehyde, widely used on farms and gardens, is often detected in drinking water sources of various countries at concentrations regulatory concern. Metaldehyde contamination restricts treatment options. Conventional technologies for remediating dilute organics water, activated carbon, ozone, are insufficiently effective against metaldehyde. Some plants have resorted to effective, but more costly UV/H2O2. Here we examined if TAML/H2O2 can decompose...

Prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) may contribute endocrine-related diseases and disorders later in life. Nevertheless, data on utero these are still scarce. We investigated a wide range of known novel nonpolar EDCs full-term human amniotic fluid (AF), representative matrix direct fetal exposure. Gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) was used for the targeted non-targeted analysis chemicals present AF fractions with dioxin-like,...

There is evidence that aquatic organisms downstream of some sewage treatment works show endocrine disruption as a result exposure to substances in the effluent. As result, Environment Agency England and Wales, collaboration with UK Government water industry, has started an intensive programme determine fate behaviour disrupting compounds works. Sampling sites for demonstration are located throughout Wales. This paper presents data from Nuneaton (Warwickshire, England), modem nitrifying...

The prediction of risks posed by pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the aquatic environment now future is one top 20 research questions regarding these contaminants following growing concern for their biological effects on fish other animals. To this end it important that areas experiencing greatest risk are identified, particularly countries water stress, where dilution pollutants entering river networks more limited. This study first to use hydrological models estimate...

TAML activators enable homogeneous oxidation catalysis where the catalyst and substrate (S) are ultradilute (pM–low μM) oxidant is very dilute (high nM–low mM). Water contamination by exceptionally persistent micropollutants (MPs), including metaldehyde (Met), provides an ideal space for determining characteristics utilitarian limits of this catalysis. The low MP concentrations decrease throughout with S (kII) inactivation (ki) competing active catalyst. percentage converted (%Cvn) can be...

The developing fetus represents a highly sensitive period of exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). However, risk assessment EDCs is hampered by the lack data on direct in utero exposure. In this study, we developed robust analytical methodology for identification wide range known and unknown full-term amniotic fluid (AF). First, method extraction fractionation broad polar nonpolar was validated. Maximal recoveries reference minimal interference from matrix were achieved with...

This study analysed the spatial and temporal occurrence of 29 disinfection by-products (DBPs) formed by chlorination chloramination.

Abstract A well‐known use of perchlorate is as a rocket fuel propellant; however, more widespread uses include in munitions and fireworks, it also occurs naturally. Perchlorate suppresses the thyroid, which can lead to variety adverse effects. It contaminant United States, but limited occurrence data Kingdom exist, even less for drinking water. Monitoring 20 raw treated water sites England Wales, covering four seasonal periods, showed that low‐level background Low concentrations (treated...

Abstract There has been increasing interest in the widely used perfluorinated chemicals such as perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS). PFOS shown to be toxic, persistent and bioaccumulative environment is a focus for restriction within European Union. Limited monitoring data, especially United Kingdom, are available environmental waters, even less its detection drinking water. Data Kingdom indicate that contamination of waters only occurred following specific incidents. Monitoring 20 raw treated...

The environmental problem stemming from toxic and recalcitrant naphthenic acids (NAs) present in effluents the oil industry is well characterized. However, despite numerous technologies evaluated for their destruction, up-scaling potential remains low due to high implementation running costs. Catalysts can help cutting costs by achieving more efficient reactions with shorter operating times lower reagent requirements. Therefore, we have performed a laboratory investigation assess iron-TAML...

Eleven furan-like disinfection byproducts were reported for the first time as from chlorination of phenolic natural organic matter surrogates.

Endocrine Disrupting Compounds pose a substantial risk to the aquatic environment. Ethinylestradiol (EE2) and estrone (E1) have recently been included in watch list of environmental pollutants under European Water Framework Directive. Municipal wastewater treatment plants are major contributors estrogenic potency surface waters. Much plant (WWTP) effluents can be attributed discharge steroid estrogens including estradiol (E2), EE2 E1 due incomplete removal these substances at plant. An...