A proximity effect has been invoked to explain the enhanced activity of enzyme cascades on DNA scaffolds. Using cascade reaction carried out by glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase as a model system, here we study kinetics when enzymes are free in solution, they conjugated each other competing is present. No found, which agreement with models predicting that rapidly diffusing hydrogen peroxide intermediate well mixed. We suggest reason for enhancement localized scaffolds pH near...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVViewpointNEXTToward Rational Design of High-efficiency Enzyme CascadesYifei Zhang and Henry Hess*View Author Information Department Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, York 10027, United States*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: ACS Catal. 2017, 7, 9, 6018–6027Publication Date (Web):July 25, 2017Publication History Received30 May 2017Published online14 August inissue 1 September...

Molecular shuttles have been built from motor proteins capable of moving cargo along engineered paths. We illustrate alternative methods controlling the direction motion microtubules on kinesin tracks, how to load covalently microtubules, and exploit UV-induced release caged ATP combined with enzymatic degradation by hexokinase turn off sequentially. These are first steps in development a tool kit utilize molecular motors for construction nanoscale assembly lines.

Mastering supramolecular self-assembly to a similar degree as nature has achieved on subcellular scale is critical for the efficient fabrication of complex nanoscopic and mesoscopic structures. We demonstrate that active, molecular-scale transport powered by biomolecular motors can be utilized drive structures would not form in absence active transport. In presented example, functionalized microtubules transported surface-immobilized kinesin cross-link via biotin/streptavidin bonds extended...

The concept of "metabolic channeling" as a result rapid transfer freely diffusing intermediate substrates between two enzymes on nanoscale scaffolds is examined using simulations and mathematical models. increase in direct substrate due to the proximity provides an initial but temporary boost throughput cascade loses importance product molecules enzyme 1 (substrate 2) accumulate surrounding container. characteristic time scale at which this significant given by ratio container volume...

In nature, swarming behavior has evolved repeatedly among motile organisms because it confers a variety of beneficial emergent properties. These include improved information gathering, protection from predators, and resource utilization. Some organisms, e.g., locusts, switch between solitary swarm in response to external stimuli. Aspects have been demonstrated for supramolecular systems composed biomolecular motors cytoskeletal filaments, where cross-linkers induce large scale organization....

The throughput of enzyme cascade reactions could be increased if the environmental conditions optimized for each in individually. Here, we describe engineering microenvironment one (Cytochrome C (abbreviated as Cyt C), which is active under acidic conditions), with respect to pH, so that it operates optimally together a second (d-amino acid oxidase, alkaline conditions). Conjugation negatively charged polyelectrolyte lowers local pH at site and enables 10-fold enhancement throughput.

Cooperation is a strategy that has been adopted by groups of organisms to execute complex tasks more efficiently than single entities. increases the robustness and flexibility working permits sharing workload among individuals. However, utilization this in artificial systems at molecular level, which could enable substantial advances microrobotics nanotechnology, remains highly challenging. Here, we demonstrate transportation through cooperative action large number machines, photoresponsive...

Evolutionary constraints significantly limit the diversity of naturally occurring enzymes, thereby reducing sequence repertoire available for enzyme discovery and engineering. Recent breakthroughs in protein structure prediction de novo design, powered by artificial intelligence, now enable to create enzymes with desired functions without solely relying on traditional genome mining. Here, a computational strategy is demonstrated creating new-to-nature polyethylene terephthalate hydrolases...

Cells regulate active transport of intracellular cargo using motor proteins. Recent nanobiotechnology efforts aim to adapt proteins power the movement and assembly synthetic materials. A motor-protein-based nanoscale system (molecular shuttle) requires that motion shuttles be guided along tracks. This study investigates principles by which microtubules, serving as shuttle units, are micrometer-scale kinesin-coated chemical topographical tracks, where efficiency guidance is determined events...

The integration of active transport into nanodevices greatly expands the scope their applications. Molecular shuttles represent a nanoscale system driven by biomolecular motors that permits molecular cargo under user-control and along predefined paths. Specifically, we utilize functionalized microtubules as shuttles, which may be transported kinesin motor proteins photolithographically defined tracks on surface. While it was thought efficient guiding these requires combination surface...

Kinesin-1 is a motor protein that carries cellular cargo such as membrane-bounded organelles along microtubules (MTs). The homodimeric molecule contains two N-terminal domains (the "heads"), long coiled-coil domain "rod" or "stalk"), and small globular "tail" domains. Much has been learned about how kinesin's heads step MT the tail involved in binding autoinhibition. However, little known role of rod. Here, we investigate extension rod during active transport by measuring height at which MTs...

A new shuttle mission: The design of molecular shuttles, which integrate the motor protein kinesin to propel microtubules (the associated polymeric filament), requires a general strategy achieve selective cargo binding. We describe in situ functionalization biotinylated with antibodies via streptavidin bridge and demonstrate that binding antigens can be detected double-antibody sandwich assay on moving shuttle.

Nanotechnology promises to enhance the functionality and sensitivity of miniaturized analytical systems. For example, nanoscale transport systems, which are driven by molecular motors, permit controlled movement select cargo along predetermined paths. Such shuttle systems may detection efficiency an system or facilitate assembly sophisticated nanostructures if can be coordinated through complex track networks. This study determines feasibility networks using kinesin motor proteins actively...

Virus particles are captured and transported using kinesin-driven, antibody-functionalized microtubules. The functionalization was achieved through covalent crosslinking, which consequently enhanced the microtubule stability. capture transport of virus subsequently demonstrated in gliding motility assays antibody-coated microtubules functioned as elements, microspheres served fluorescent reporters (see Figure). Supporting information for this article is available on WWW under...

We have been investigating an electrochemical single-molecule counting experiment called nanopore resistive-pulse sensing. The sensor element is a conically shaped gold nanotube embedded in thin polymeric membrane. especially interested protein molecules using these sensors. This accomplished by placing the membrane between two electrolyte solutions, applying transmembrane potential difference, and measuring resulting ionic current flowing through nanopore. In simplest terms, when molecule...