WILKINSON, ALAN H.; SMITH, JOHN L.; HUNSICKER, LAWRENCE G.; TOBACMAN, JOANNE; KAPELANSKI, DAVID P.; JOHNSON, MARYL; WRIGHT, FRANCIS BEHRENDT, DOUGLAS M.; CORRY, ROBERT J. Author Information

The sulfated polysaccharide carrageenan (CGN) induces activation of NFkappaB and interleukin 8 (IL-8) in human colonic epithelial cells through a pathway innate immunity mediated by Bcl10 (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 10). In this report, we identify Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), member the family immune receptors, as surface membrane for CGN cells. Experiments with fluorescence-tagged demonstrated marked reduction binding to intestinal RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages, following exposure TLR4 blocking...

BACKGROUND: Carrageenan is a very common food additive in Western diets, but predictably causes inflammation thousands of cell-based and animal experiments. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact carrageenan exposure on interval to relapse patients with ulcerative colitis remission. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, clinical trial was conducted if remission would have longer they followed diet no carrageenan. All participants were instructed no-carrageenan...

Carrageenan is a high molecular weight sulfated polygalactan used to improve the texture of commercial food products. Its use increased markedly during last half century, although carrageenan known induce inflammation in rheumatological models and intestinal colitis. We performed studies determine its direct effects on human cells, including normal epithelial cells from colonic surgeries, cell line NCM460, rat ileal cells. Cells were treated with lambda-carrageenan at concentration 1 mug/ml...

Carrageenan, a sulfated polysaccharide that is widely used as food additive, induces inflammatory responses in animal models and human cells. The carrageenan-induced cascades involve toll-like receptor (TLR)4- B-cell leukemia/lymphoma (BCL)10-dependent activation of NF-κB, leading to increased IL-8 production. Translocations involving BCL10 the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are associated with constitutive NF-κB. This report presents mechanism by which carrageenan...

In utero ethanol exposure causes fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, associated with reduced brain plasticity; the mechanisms of these effects are not well understood, particularly respect to glial involvement. Astrocytes release factors that modulate neurite outgrowth. We explored hypothesis inhibits outgrowth by increasing levels inhibitory chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in astrocytes. Astrocyte treatment inhibited activity arylsulfatase B (ARSB), enzyme removes groups from...

The common food additive carrageenan is a known activator of inflammation in mammalian tissues and stimulates both the canonical noncanonical pathways NF- κ B activation. Exposure to low concentrations (10 μ g/mL water supply) has produced glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, impaired signaling C57BL/6 mice. B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 10 (Bcl10) mediator inflammatory signals from Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 myeloid epithelial cells. Since TLR4 pathway activated diabetes by carrageenan, we...

Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) is a sulfated polysaccharide that has been very widely used to induce inflammation in experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease which the effects pharmacologic and biologic therapies are tested. However, precise mechanisms by DSS induces have not elucidated. DSS-induced increases phospho-IκBα, nuclear NFκB (p65), IL-8 secretion human colonic epithelial cells tissue culture attributable reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced pathway inflammation, do require...

This report presents evidence of 1) a role for arylsulfatase B (ARSB; N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase) in mediating intracellular oxygen signaling; 2) replication between the effects ARSB silencing and hypoxia on sulfated glycosaminoglycan content, cellular redox status, expression hypoxia-associated genes; 3) mechanism whereby changes chondroitin-4-sulfation that follow either or can induce transcriptional through galectin-3. removes 4-sulfate groups from non-reducing end...

Probiotics have been used as alternative prevention and therapy modalities in intestinal inflammatory disorders including bowel diseases (IBD) necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Pathophysiology of IBD NEC includes the production diverse lipid mediators, platelet-activating factor (PAF) that mediate responses disease. PAF is known to activate NF-κB, however, mechanisms PAF-induced inflammation are not fully defined. We recently described a novel PAF-triggered pathway NF-κB activation IL-8...

Major aims were to determine whether exposure the commonly used food additive carrageenan could induce fasting hyperglycemia and increase effects of a high fat diet on glucose intolerance dyslipidemia. C57BL/6J mice exposed either carrageenan, diet, or combination untreated, for one year. Effects blood glucose, tolerance, lipid parameters, weight, glycogen stores, inflammation compared. Exposure led by six days produced elevated 23 weeks. tolerance more severe than from alone. Carrageenan in...

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, a homotrimeric, pleiotropic cytokine, is secreted in response to inflammatory stimuli diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and bowel disease. TNF-α mediates both apoptosis inflammation, stimulating an cascade through the non-canonical pathway of NF-κB activation, leading increased nuclear RelB p52. In contrast, common food additive carrageenan (CGN) stimulates inflammation canonical pathways activation utilizes adaptor molecule BCL10 (B-cell leukemia/lymphoma...

Abstract Immunostaining in lungs of patients who died with COVID-19 infection showed increased intensity and distribution chondroitin sulfate decline N-acetylgalactostamine-4-sulfatase (Arylsulfatase B; ARSB). To explain these findings, human small airway epithelial cells were exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (SPRBD) transcriptional mechanisms investigated. Phospho-p38 MAPK phospho-SMAD3 following exposure SPRBD, their inhibition suppressed promoter activation...

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is recognized as an inducer of the inflammatory response associated with gram-negative sepsis and systemic syndrome. LPS induction proceeds through Toll-like receptor (TLR) in immune cells intestinal epithelial (IEC). This report presents first identification Bcl10 (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 10) a mediator LPS-induced activation IL-8 human IEC. caspase-recruitment domain-containing protein, constitutive NF-kappaB MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) lymphomas. The...

Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent proinflammatory phospholipid mediator, has been implicated in inducing intestinal inflammation diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). However, its mechanisms of responses are not fully understood. Therefore, studies were designed to explore the PAF-induced cascade epithelial cells.Nuclear kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation was measured by luciferase assay enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA), interleukin 8...