High frame rate (HFR) echocardiography may be of benefit for functional analysis the heart. In current clinical equipment, HFR is obtained using multi-line acquisition (MLA) which typically requires broadening transmit beams. As this result in a significant degradation spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), capacity MLA to obtain high quality images remains limited. an alternative, we have demonstrated by computer simulation that simultaneously transmitting multiple focused...

Imaging at high temporal resolution is critical for a better understanding of transient cardiac phases with potential diagnostic value. Typically, parallel receive beam forming used to achieve this. As an alternative, transmitting multiple lines simultaneously [i.e., multi-line transmit (MLT)] has been proposed. However, this approach received less attention, most likely because cross-talk artifacts between beams. In study, based on different transducer configurations, the level MLT systems...

When imaging the heart, good temporal resolution is beneficial for capturing information of short-lived cardiac phases (in particular, isovolumetric phases). To increase frame rate, parallel beamforming a commonly used technique fast imaging. Conventionally, 4 multiple-line-acquisition (4MLA) system increases rate by factor 4, making use broadened transmit beam to reduce block-like artifacts. As an alternative, it has been proposed unfocused (i.e., plane wave or diverging wave) which large...

Color tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a well-established methodology to assess local myocardial motion/deformation. Typically, frame rate of ~ 200 Hz can be achieved by narrow sector ( 30 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> , covering one cardiac wall) at moderate line density, using dedicated pulse sequence and multi-line acquisition. However, wide angle field-of-view required in some clinical applications image the whole...

Cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death in world, are often associated with dysfunction left ventricle. Even if, clinical practice, myocardial function is assessed through visual wall motion scoring on B-mode images, quantitative techniques have been introduced, e.g., ultrasound tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). However, this technique suffers from limited frame rate currently available that needs to be balanced field view. High-frame-rate (HFR) cardiac has recently tested off-line...

Increased frame rate is of high importance to cardiac diagnostic imaging as it enables examination fast events during the cycle and improved quantitative analysis, such speckle tracking. Multiline transmission (MLT) one methods proposed for this purpose. In contrast single-line (SLT), where focused beam sent in each direction, MLT beams are simultaneously transmitted several ( ) directions improving accordingly. The simultaneous known cause crosstalk artifacts due interference between main...

It was previously demonstrated in 2-D echocardiography that a proper multiline transmit (MLT) implementation can be used to increase frame rate while preserving image quality. Initial findings for extending MLT 3-D showed it might address the low spatiotemporal resolution of current volumetric ultrasound systems. However, date, remains unclear how much transmit/receive parallelization would possible using system. Therefore, aim this paper contrast different setups imaging by computer...

A transconductance improvement technique for a bulk‐driven operational amplifier (OTA) working in the weak inversion region is presented. Using quasi‐floating gate method, proposed achieves larger than conventional approaches with CMOS technologies scaling. Moreover, its enhanced performance at no expense of power budget. Simulated on UMC 180 nm technology, results demonstrate that OTA more two times gain–bandwidth traditional counterpart same power.

Monitoring the wafer defects in integrated circuit (IC) fabrication is essential for enhancing yield. However, significant defect clustering occurs when large, so conventional control chart, based on Poisson distribution, inappropriate. Defect must also be analyzed to monitor effectively IC process control. This study developed a novel procedure using multivariate Hotelling T/sup 2/ number of and index (CI) simultaneously clusters. The CI does not require any statistical assumptions...

Diverging wave (DW) based cardiac imaging has gained increasing interest in recent years given its capacity to achieve ultrahigh frame rate. However, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast, and penetration depth of resulting B-mode images are typically low as DWs spread energy over a large region. Coded excitation is known be capable SNR for ultrasound imaging. The aim this study was therefore test feasibility applying coded DW improve corresponding SNR, contrast depth. To end, two types...

Achieving higher frame rates in cardiac ultrasound could unveil short-lived myocardial events and lead to new insights on function. Multi-line transmit (MLT) beamforming (i.e., simultaneously transmitting multiple focused beams) is a potential approach achieve this. However, two challenges come with it: first, it leads cross-talk between the MLT beams, appearing as imaging artifacts, second, presents acoustic summation near field, where beams overlap. Although several studies have former, no...

As a calcineurin inhibitor, tacrolimus is commonly used as first‑line immunosuppressant in organ transplant recipients. Post‑transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) common complication following kidney transplantation and associated with drugs, such tacrolimus. PTDM caused by may be related to its influence on insulin secretion resistance. However, the specific mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The aim of present study was investigate whether PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway served an...

(1) Background: Multi-line transmit (MLT) beamforming has been proposed for fast cardiac ultrasound imaging. While crosstalk between MLT beams could induce artifacts, a Tukey (α = 0.5)-Tukey 0.5) transmit-receive (TT-) apodization can largely—but not completely—suppress this crosstalk. Coded excitation suppression, but only synthetic aperture imaging and multi-focal on linear/convex arrays. The aim of study was to investigate its (added) value suppress among simultaneously transmitted...

Today's 3-D cardiac ultrasound imaging systems suffer from relatively low spatial and temporal resolution, limiting their applicability in daily clinical practice. To address this problem, diverging wave with coherent compounding (DWC) as well multiline-transmit (MLT) have recently been proposed. Currently, the former improves resolution significantly at expense of image quality risk introducing motion artifacts, whereas latter only provides a moderate gain volume rate but mostly preserves...

Current volumetric cardiac ultrasound systems suffer from relatively low spatiotemporal resolution limiting their applicability in clinical practice. We have previously demonstrated 2D that a proper implementation of 4 multi-line transmit (4MLT, i.e., simultaneous transmits) system can increase frame rate without compromising spatial or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) significantly. The aim the current study was to verify whether our findings could be extrapolated 3D order set up would allow for...

Multiple-line transmit (MLT) techniques, involving the simultaneous transmission of multiple focused beams into different directions, increase frame rate without significantly compromising resolution or contrast. The higher can facilitate assessment regional myocardial deformation left ventricular dyssynchrony. However, application in clinical routine is still hindered by lack real-time implementations. This paper reports on first implementation MLT-based imaging and a pulse-width modulator...

A commonly used program for the simulation of linear sound fields and pulse-echo responses transducers is FieldII which based on spatial impulse response (SIR) method. However, with introduction 2D array transducers, complexity simulations leads to long computation times. Modern hardware aimed at executing a high number tasks across parallel computing nodes, particularly suited problems. The aim this work was therefore develop tool (Simpulse) extensively making use parallelization speed up process.

Cardiac imaging using plane wave (PW) transmits from a phased array transducer has recently been shown to be feasible. In order limit the loss in Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), contrast and lateral resolution of resulting greyscale images, multiple are typically compounded at expense effective frame rate. However, functional heart by measuring local motion/deformation may benefit acquiring very high rate (as some cardiac events short-lived) while it less demanding on spatial resolution/SNR....

A very high temporal resolution is critical to reach a better understanding of short-lived cardiac phases which have potential diagnostic value. To increase the frame rate, as an alternative parallel receive beam forming, it has been proposed transmit multiple lines simultaneously (i.e. multi-line (MLT)) although this approach received less attention due cross-talk artifacts between beams. In study, point spread function (PSF) different number MLT beams 2, 4, 6) was compared that...