The tremendous increases in production of plastic materials has led to an accumulation pollution worldwide. Many studies have addressed the physical effects large-sized plastics on organisms, whereas few focused nanoparticles, despite their distinct chemical, and mechanical properties. Hence our understanding ecosystem function, behaviour metabolism organisms remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that nanoparticles reduce survival aquatic zooplankton penetrate blood-to-brain barrier fish...

The use of nanoparticles in consumer products, for example, cosmetics, sunscreens, and electrical devices, has increased tremendously over the past decade despite insufficient knowledge about their effects on human health ecosystem function. Moreover, amount plastic waste products that enter natural ecosystems, such as oceans lakes, is increasing, degradation disposed plastics produces smaller particles toward nano scale. Therefore, it utmost importance to gain how affect living organisms....

Biocatalytic degradation of plastic waste is anticipated to play an important role in future recycling systems. However, enzymatic crystalline poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) remains consistently poor. Herein, we employed functional assays elucidate the molecular underpinnings this limitation. This included utilizing complementary activity monitor PET disks with varying crystallinity (X

Frequent exposure of terrestrial insects to temperature variation has led the evolution protective biochemical and physiological mechanisms, such as heat shock response, which markedly increases tolerance stress. Insight into mechanisms has, so far, mainly relied on selective studies specific compounds or characteristics at genomic proteomic levels. In present study, we have used untargeted NMR metabolomic profiling examine biological response stress in Drosophila melanogaster. The...

While the population genetics of inbreeding is fairly well understood, effects on physiological and biochemical levels are not. Here we have investigated Drosophila melanogaster metabolome. Metabolite fingerprints in males from five outbred inbred lines were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy after exposure to benign temperature, heat stress, or cold stress. In both absence presence temperature metabolite significantly different among lines. The major effect was increased...

The ability of ectotherms to respond changes in their thermal environment through plastic mechanisms is central adaptive capability. However, we still lack knowledge on the physiological and functional responses by which acclimate temperatures during development, particular, how stress at extreme may counteract beneficial acclimation benign temperatures. We exposed Drosophila melanogaster 10 developmental covering entire permissible temperature range. obtained metabolic profiles reaction...

The nucleation of Alzheimer-associated Aβ peptide monomers can be catalyzed by preexisting fibrils. This leads to autocatalytic amplification aggregate mass and underlies self-replication generation toxic oligomers associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. However, the nature interactions between monomeric species fibrils during this key process, indeed ultrastructural localization interaction sites have remained elusive. Here we used NMR optical spectroscopy identify conditions...

Electrostatic interactions play crucial roles in protein function. Measuring pKa value perturbations upon complex formation or self-assembly of e.g. amyloid fibrils gives valuable information about the effect electrostatic those processes. Site-specific determination by solution NMR spectroscopy is challenged high molecular weight fibrils. Here we report a pH increase during fibril α-synuclein, observed using three complementary experimental methods: electrode measurements water;...

Amyloid fibrils may adopt different morphologies depending on the solution conditions and protein sequence. Here, we show that two chemically identical but morphologically distinct α-synuclein can form under conditions. This was observed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence spectroscopy, as well cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). The results surface properties of morphologies, A B. NMR measurements monomers interact differently with fibril...

The ubiquitous Ca2+-regulatory protein calmodulin activates target enzymes as a response to submicromolar Ca2+ increases in background of millimolar Mg2+. potential influence Mg2+/Ca2+ competition is especially intriguing for the N-terminal domain which possesses sites with lowest specificity. interdependence and Mg2+ binding was therefore studied using 43Ca NMR, 1H−15N fluorescent chelator techniques. apparent affinity found be significantly decreased at physiological levels. At...

The solution structure of the dicerium(III) complex N-terminal domain calmodulin (Ce2-TR1C hereafter) has been solved employing paramagnetic T1 relaxation enhancements and pseudocontact shifts introduced by Ce3+ ions, together with conventional NOE constraints. use shift constraints constitutes first attempt to locate metal ions within a protein NMR. Like calcium(II), cerium(III) found bind two binding sites TR1C fragment in cooperative manner. Due presence interactions between protons...

Drosophila, like most insects, are susceptible to low temperatures, and will succumb temperatures above the freezing point of their hemolymph. For these cold exposure causes a loss extracellular ion water homeostasis, leading chill injury eventually death. Chill-tolerant species characterized by lower hemolymph [Na(+)] than chill-susceptible this lowered is suggested improve homeostasis during exposure. It has therefore also been hypothesized that Na(+) replaced other 'cryoprotective'...

Determining the pKa of key functional groups is critical to understanding pH-dependent behavior biological proteins and peptide-based biomaterials. Traditionally, ¹H NMR spectroscopy has been used determine amino acids; however, for larger molecules aggregating systems, this method can be practically impossible. Previous studies concluded that C-D stretches in Raman are a useful alternative determining histidine residues. In study, we report on application C2-D probe histidine's imidazole...

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common in men and one of leading causes cancer-related deaths. Early detection key to successful treatment provides greatest chance cure patient. Currently, early involves screening for prostate-specific antigen levels blood, which not a tumor-specific biomarker. There critical need develop clinically useful methods more reliable biomarkers. Here, we introduce an electrochemical biosensor that measures concentrations amino acids tyrosine tryptophan,...

Abstract The three‐dimensional structures of the magnesium‐ and manganese‐bound forms calbindin D 9% were determined to 1.6 Å 1.9 resolution, respectively, using X‐ray crystallography. These two are nearly identical but deviate significantly from both calcium bound form metal ion‐free (apo) form. largest structural differences seen in C‐terminal EF‐hand, involve changes ion coordination helix packing. N‐terminal binding site is not occupied by any magnesium manganese structures, shows little...

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are structurally unique Ser/Thr found in plants and certain protozoa. They distinguished by a calmodulin-like regulatory apparatus (calmodulin-like domain (CaM-LD)) that is joined via junction (J) region to the C-terminal end of kinase catalytic domain. Like CaM, CaM-LD composed two globular EF structural domains (N-lobe, C-lobe), each containing pair Ca2+ binding sites. Spectroscopic analysis shows comprised helical elements, but isolated does not...

This study presents an NMR-based metabonomic approach to elucidate the overall endogenous biochemical effects of a wholegrain diet. Two diets with similar levels dietary fibre and macronutrients, but contrasting ingredients, were prepared from rye (wholegrain diet (WGD)) non-wholegrain wheat (non-wholegrain (NWD)) fed four pigs in crossover design. Plasma samples collected after 7 d on each diet, 1H NMR spectra acquired these. Partial least squares regression discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)...

Background Creatine is a key intermediate in energy metabolism and supplementation of creatine has been used for increasing muscle mass, strength endurance. also reported to trigger the skeletal expression insulin like growth factor I, increase fat-free mass improve cognition elderly, more explorative approaches transcriptomics revealed additional information. The aim present study was reveal insight into biochemical effects at protein metabolite level by integrating techniques, proteomics...

We investigated the age-related changes in metabolic profile of male Drosophila melanogaster and compared flies selected for increased longevity to that control equal age. found clear differences metabolite composition between selection regimes among age groups. Contrary results a previous study transcriptome these lines did not show younger pattern longevity-selected (LS) than same aged (C) flies. Rather, many metabolites affected by had levels common older individuals young LS Furthermore,...