The mechanism by which cell surface molecules regulate T production of lymphokines is poorly understood. Production interleukin-2 (IL-2) can be regulated signal transduction pathways distinct from those induced the antigen receptor. Stimulation CD28, a molecule expressed on most human cells, formation protein complex that bound to site IL-2 gene previously described binding sites and increased enhancer activity fivefold. CD28-responsive between -164 -154 base pairs transcription start site....

Stimulation of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) leads to tyrosine phosphorylation a number cellular proteins, including phospholipase C (PLC) gamma 1 and TCR zeta chain. We describe here 70-kDa phosphoprotein (ZAP-70) that associates with within 15 sec following stimulation. The ZAP-70 its association is independent other chains since stimulation functional CD8/zeta chimeric in TCR-negative T cell coprecipitation protein. In Jurkat expressing protein, occurs exclusively stimulated complex....

I. The new ilhsory h u r e consists essentkdly of 'units direction.'Properties a black and white twisted cord.The Simple unit direction.II.The properties the illusoryjigure as illustrated by Fig. 1.TJbe illusion persists wnder all conditions exawdnation.Fys. 1 2 compared.The peculia?. r81e chequer-work bmkground. III. construction descq-ibed triple seriesof variants oj illusory jigure.I V. TJhe described two coloured variants.The variants.Certain visual red gremishblue demonstrated...

We have used cDNA probes for two small vitamin K-dependent bone matrix proteins, Gla protein (BGP) and (MGP), to evaluate the possibility that either of these proteins might be synthesized by various soft tissues previously shown gamma-carboxylase activity. BGP mRNA was found in but not any tested, a result which reinforces view plasma is specific marker metabolism. In contrast, MGP all rat examined. Lung heart 10-fold higher levels than bone, kidney has 5-fold level. Despite high kidney,...

Matrix Gla protein (MGP), a low molecular weight found in bone, dentin, and cartilage, contains 5 residues of the vitamin K-dependent amino acid gamma-carboxyglutamic (Gla). We have used antibodies raised against MGP oligonucleotide probes to screen lambda gt11 cDNA library constructed from rat osteosarcoma cells (line ROS 17/2) that had been pretreated with 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. By sequencing several cloned cDNAs, we established 523-base-pair sequence predicts an 84-residue mature...

The expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) in the developing and adult human brain has not been clearly established, although estrogens are crucial for neuronal differentiation, synapse formation, cognitive functions. By using immunohistochemistry, we have studied distribution ER alpha beta cerebral cortex hippocampus from early prenatal stages to life. was detected at 9 gestational weeks (GW), with a high proliferating zones cortical plate. staining intensity decreased gradually during...

The vitamin K-dependent bone protein matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) (MGP) has been identified by radioimmunoassay in the guanidine extract of rat cartilage. MGP was present all cartilages tested at levels comparable to level bone. Western blot analysis indicated that molecular weight cartilage is same as MGP, and Northern revealed mRNA from size structurally related Gla could not be detected or analysis. discovery synthesized growth plate provide an explanation for excessive...

T-cell activation requires two signaling events. One is provided by the engagement of antigen receptor, and second represents a costimulatory signal antigen-presenting cells. CD28 mediates binding its ligands, B7-1 B7-2, on cells, but pathway activated has not been identified. A homologous molecule, CTLA-4, expressed T also binds to whether it function known. We performed structure-function analysis identify functional domain which activates transduction. Truncation 40-amino-acid cytoplasmic...

Several clonal rat osteosarcoma cell lines were tested for the ability to express and secrete matrix Gla protein (MGP), a small vitamin K-dependent found in bone cartilage. Two independently derived lines, UMR 106-01 ROS 25/1, expressed MGP mRNA secreted antigen identical size with that bone. No message could be detected 17/2 2/3 cells, previously shown synthesize other known protein, (BGP), no BGP which MGP. Since are presently best characterized osteoblastic discovery of mutually exclusive...

ABSTRACT The threatened population of Atlantic Coast piping plovers ( Charadrius melodus ) has increased under intensive management predation and disturbance. However, the relative importance habitat quality, nest predation, chick in dynamics reproductive success this species are poorly understood. We examined effects breeding‐habitat alterations, breeding phenology on size, use, output from 1993 to 2004. studied at a newly colonized site (West Hampton Dunes [WHD]) New York, USA, barrier...

Journal Article Observations on ultra-frozen tissue Get access James Fraser, Fraser Department of Clinical Surgery, University Medical School, Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar William Gill British Volume 54, Issue 9, September 1967, Pages 770–776, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800540907 Published: 06 December 2005

Summary The middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain is a globally important wintering area for waterbirds in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. Ornithologists have reported on since 1950s. However, an integrated analysis of long-term changes waterbird diversity not available. Here, we synthesise existing information abundance distribution floodplain, summarise possible influencing factors propose some priorities further research. Waterbird richness declined over past 60 years. Declining...

The decline of piping plover (Charadrius melodus) populations and subsequent listing as a threatened species has been attributed, in part, to low chick survival. During 1988-90, we observed chicks daily evaluate hypotheses differential food resources, predation, disturbance explaining differences survival 3 habitats on Assateague Island National Seashore (AINS), Maryland. Chicks reared the bay beach island interior had higher rates (0.97, 0.99 vs. 0.87; P < 0.001), foraging (13.3, 10.8 5.9...

T-cell activation results in the production of multiple lymphokines. Efficient lymphokine gene expression appears to require both antigen receptor (TCR) signal transduction and an uncharacterized second or costimulatory signal. CD28 is a differentiation that can generate intracellular signals synergize with those TCR increase interleukin-2 (IL-2) expression. In these studies, we have examined effect on granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 3 (IL-3), gamma...

Activation of an immune response requires intercellular contact between T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells (APC). Interaction the cell antigen receptor (TCR) with in context major histocompatibility molecules mediates signal transduction, but activation appears to require induction a second costimulatory transduction pathway. Recent studies suggest that interaction CD28 B7 on APC might deliver such signal. To investigate role during APC-dependent activation, we have used...

Reif J (Department of Environmental Health, Colorado State University, College Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA), Pearce N Fraser J. Cancer risks in New Zealand farmers. International Journal Epidemiology 1989, 18: 768–774. Previous case-control studies have found increased for leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's Iymphoma (NHL) multiple myelome We report here a further series Registry based farming site-specific cancer risks. These involved 19 904 males aged 20...

Dans la Chippewa National Forest, etant donne legislation en place pour protection de l'espece, les activites humaines n'ont que peu d'impact sur le succes reproducteur d'Haliaeetus leucocephalus