Abstract Tuning the interfacial microenvironment of single‐atom catalysts with defined electronic structures and favorable electric fields is essential to overcome sluggish kinetics thus boosts electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. However, relationship between regulation catalyst properties remains poorly understood. Herein, enriched Fe−N 4 sites on nano‐curved carbon surfaces (cc‐Fe) are designed investigate influence interface behaviors. Density functional theory...

Laser machining can depend on the combination of many complex and nonlinear physical processes.Simulations laser that are built from first-principles, such as photon-atom interaction, therefore challenging to scale-up experimentally useful dimensions.Here, we demonstrate a simulation approach using neural network, which requires zero knowledge underlying processes instead uses experimental data directly create model experiment.The network modelling was shown accurately predict 3D surface...

Larch is widely distributed throughout the world and an important species for timber supply extraction of industrial raw materials. In recent years, hybrid breeding Larix kaempferi olgensis has shown obvious heterosis in quick-growth, stress resistance wood properties. However, its growth development cycle too long to meet general production needs. order shorten cycle, we have first time successfully established optimized a somatic embryogenesis system × olgensis. We found that highest rate...

Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) as a successful exotic species has become one of the most important economic and ecological conifers in China. In order to broaden genetic resource Larix kaempferi, an effort was made 1996 introduce 128 families from seven seed orchards Japan, with which establish two progeny trials climatically different environments. The experiment aimed determine strategy early selection, particularly for long-rotated larch, optimal breeding program specific Growth...

Abstract Whilst advances in lasers now allow the processing of practically any material, further optimisation precision and efficiency is highly desirable, particular via development real-time detection feedback systems. Here, we demonstrate application neural networks for system monitoring visual observation work-piece during laser processing. Specifically, show quantification unintended beam modifications, namely translation rotation, along with closed-loop capable halting immediately...

Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) has been introduced in China at the end of 19th century, and as one successful exotic species, is becoming preferred coniferous northern sub-tropical alpine region. The rotation age about 25-28 years for L. kaempferi pulpwood Henan province. Waiting even one-half final evaluation will be inefficient due to accumulated testing costs delayed return on investment, which suggests that selection an early highly desirable improvement programs In this study, we...

Abstract Atomic‐level metal sites at the edges of graphene‐like carbon supports are considered more active for CO 2 electrocatalysis than those in‐plane. However, creating high‐density edge‐dominating sites, particularly in a simple, scalable, and self‐templated fashion, presents significant challenge. Herein, MOF‐mediated self‐exfoliation strategy is reported to preferentially integrate edge‐type FeN 4 onto ultrathin edge‐rich N‐doped graphene nanomesh (e‐Fe‐NGM). Theoretical calculations,...

Coherent beam combination offers a solution to the challenges associated with power handling capacity of individual fibres, however, combined intensity profile strongly depends on relative phase each fibre. Optimal necessitates precise control over fibre channel, determining required compensations is challenging because information typically not available. Additionally, presence continuously varying noise in laser systems means that single-step and high-speed correction process required. In...

Abstract Coherent beam combination has emerged as a promising strategy for overcoming the power limitations of individual fibre lasers. This approach relies on maintaining precise phase difference between constituent beamlets, which are typically established using retrieval algorithms. However, locking is often studied under assumption that levels beamlets remain stable, an idealisation does not hold always in practical applications. Over operational lifetime lasers, degradation inevitably...

Hybrids of larch (Larix kaempferi × Larix olgensis) are important afforestation species in northeastern China. They routinely propagated via rooted stem cuttings. Despite the importance rooting, little is known about regulation adventitious root development hybrids. 454 GS FLX Titanium technology represents a new method for characterizing transcriptomes non-model species. This can be used to identify differentially expressed genes, and then two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis...

Particle pollution is a global health challenge that linked to around three million premature deaths per year. There therefore great interest in the development of sensors capable precisely quantifying both number and type particles. Here, we demonstrate an approach leverages machine learning order identify particulates directly from their scattering patterns. We show capability for producing 2D sample map spherical particles present on coverslip, also real-time identification range...

Abstract The identification of mixtures particles in a solution via analysis scattered light can be complex task, due to the multiple scattering effects between different sizes and types particles. Deep learning offers capability for solving problems without need physical understanding underlying system, hence an elegant solution. Here, we demonstrate application convolutional neural networks concentration microparticles (silicon dioxide melamine resin) salinity, directly from light....

Visualizing structures smaller than the eye can see has been a driving force in scientific research since invention of optical microscope. Here, we use network neural networks to create lens that ability transform 20× microscope images into resolution comparable 1500× scanning electron image. In addition magnification, simultaneously identifies types objects present, and hence label, colour-enhance remove specific magnified The was used for imaging Iva xanthiifolia Galanthus pollen grains,...

Femtosecond laser machining offers the potential for high-precision materials processing. However, due to nonlinear processes inherent when using femtosecond pulses, experimental random noise can result in large variations machined quality, and hence methods closed loop feedback are of interest. Here we demonstrate application a neural network (NN), acting as pattern recognition algorithm, visual monitoring target substrate via camera that observes sample during machining. This approach has...

Abstract Cuttage propagation involves adventitious root formation induced by auxin. In our previous study, Larix kaempferi BABY BOOM 1 ( LkBBM1 ), which is known to regulate formation, was affected However, the relationship between and auxin remains unclear. Auxin response factors (ARFs) are a class of important transcription in signaling pathway modulate expression early auxin-responsive genes binding elements. present we identified 14 L. ARFs LkARFs found LkARF7 LkARF19 bound promoter...

Abstract We demonstrate the capability for identification of single particles, via a neural network, directly from backscattered light collected by 30-core optical fibre, when particles are illuminated using mode fibre-coupled laser source. The network was shown to be able determine specific species pollen with ∼97% accuracy, along distance between end sensing fibre and an associated error ±6 μ m. ability classify has potential in environments which transmission imaging is neither possible...

New simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed in the Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) using unigene sequences for further genetic diversity studies and improvement of breeding programs. One thousand two handred thirty five (1235) primer pairs tested 165 successfully identified L. kaempferi. Out amplified candidate markers, 145 (90.6%) exhibited polymorphism among 24 individuals kaempferi, with number alleles per locus (Na), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected (He) polymorphic...

Laser processing techniques such as laser machining, marking, cutting, welding, polishing and sintering have become important tools in modern manufacturing. A key step these processes is to take the intended design convert it into coordinates or toolpaths that are useable by motion control hardware result efficient with a sufficiently high quality of finish. Toolpath can require considerable amounts skilled manual labor even when assisted proprietary software. In addition, blind execution...

Abstract Genomic dissection of genetic effects on desirable traits and the subsequent use genomic selection hold great promise for accelerating rate improvement forest tree species. In this study, a total 661 offspring trees from 66 open-pollinated families Japanese larch ( Larix kaempferi (Lam.) Carrière) were sampled at test site. The contributions additive non-additive (dominance, imprinting epistasis) evaluated nine valuable related to growth, wood physical chemical properties,...

We propose a new calibration method for laser galvanometric scanning (LGS) system by adapting the camera model to LGS system. The similarity between and has been investigated exploited. distortion parameters are acquired solving nonlinear least squares problem of 12 coefficients using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. efficiency is improved. Experiments conducted verify proposed model.