Abstract Summary: The structure and hydrogen bonding of water in the vicinity a thin film sulfobetaine copolymer (poly[( N , ‐dimethyl‐ ‐(3‐sulfopropyl)‐3′‐methacrylamidopropanaminium inner salt)‐ ran ‐(butyl methacrylate)], poly(SPB‐ r ‐BMA)), were analyzed with band shapes OH stretching attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR‐IR) spectra. could be cast as film, approximate thickness 10 μm, on ZnSe crystal for ATR‐IR spectroscopy. At an early stage sorption into polymer IR spectra...

The structure and hydrogen bonding of water in the vicinity carboxybetaine homopolymer (poly[1-carboxy-N,N-dimethyl-N-(2'-methacryloyloxyethyl)methanaminium inner salt] (PolyCMB), a random copolymer CMB n-butyl methacrylate, Poly(CMB-r-BMA), with various molecular weights were analyzed their aqueous solutions thin film contours O−H stretching Raman attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR−IR) spectra, respectively. relative intensity collective band (C value) corresponding to long-range...

The structure and hydrogen bonding of water in the vicinity phospholipid analogue random copolymers [poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-r-n-butyl methacrylate), Poly(MPC-r-BMA)] with various molecular weights were analyzed their aqueous solutions thin films contours O−H stretching Raman attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectra, respectively. relative intensity collective band (C value) corresponding to a long-range coupling stretchings spectra for solution...

Nanocrystalline barium titanate particles are prepared by the alkoxide method. The lattice constants obtained from electron diffraction patterns for various orientations of single in size range 15--250 nm diameter. present result indicates that structural change a tetragonal (ferroelectric) phase to cubic (paraelectric) one occurs around 80 diameter, which is good agreement with critical diameter recently reported. Large expansions more than 2.5% detected down 15 origin expansion discussed...

Smartphone use while walking is becoming a public concern owing to an increased risk of falling that can result from cognitive-motor interference. We evaluated prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity in participants playing smartphone game walking, order elucidate the role PFC allocation attention between physical and cognitive demands. Sixteen young 15 older adults participated this study. Participants were instructed perform touch number-selecting on walking. The numbers correct mistake responses...

Human teaching is a social interaction that supports reciprocal and dynamical feedback between the teacher student. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) region of particular interest due to its demonstrated role in interaction. In present study, we evaluated PFC activity simultaneously two individuals playing student video game teaching-learning task. For that, used wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) devices order elucidate neural mechanisms underlying cognitive interactions teachers...

Abstract The state of sorbed water and the sorbing processes to various polymer thin films were studied with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. To prepare films, we used poly(ethylene glycol)s different molecular weights kinds vinyl polymers, such as poly(2‐methoxyethyl acrylate). OH stretching band in increased gradually on contact vapor at 50% relative humidity leveled off. When bands compared, peak positions profiles polymeric materials same hydrogen‐bonding site similar. A...

The structure of water sorbed into poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), and their copolymers (p(MEA/HEMA)) was investigated by attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR−IR) spectroscopy. extinction coefficient the OH stretching band (εOH) calculated from area obtained IR measurement amount thermogravimetric analysis. When polymers contacted with vapor (relative humidity = ∼55%), εOH values were quite similar in all polymers. On other hand, when...

We propose and demonstrate a super steep Subthreshold Slope (SS) new type SOI FET with PN-body tied structure. It has symmetry source drain (S/D) The device shows SS (<;6mV/dec) over 3 decades of the current an ultralow voltage down to 0.1V. also low leakage (below 1pA/um), good Id-Vd characteristic negligible hysteresis characteristic.

A quasi-two-dimensional model for describing regeneration events in the continuous regeneration—diesel particulate filter (CR-DPF) is presented, which computational grids of diesel are provided discretization physical domains axial and wall thickness directions. In model, gas particle flows, pressures, temperatures, soot distributions inlet/outlet channels wall, together with both active reactions, considered. Rate constants chemical reactions calibrated using results oxidation tests a mini...

Virtual reality (VR) immersion often provokes subjective discomfort and postural instability, so called VR sickness. The neural mechanism of sickness is speculated to be related visual-vestibular information mismatch and/or instability. However, the approaches proposed relieve through modulation brain activity are poorly understood. Using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), we aimed investigate whether could relieved by cortical excitability in temporoparietal junction (TPJ),...

ABSTRACT Metacognitive functions are important for both teachers and students to facilitate teaching learning. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a proven role in metacognition. As pilot study, we evaluated the PFC activity of using near‐infrared spectroscopy devices explore neural mechanism underlying metacognitive function during problem‐solving processes. In 14 student‐teacher pairs, participants teacher gave hints via tablet screen solving tangram puzzle task by student role. increased...

In this paper, n-channel and p-channel super-steep subthreshold slope (SS) PN-body tied (PNBT) silicon on insulator field-effect transistors (SOI-FETs) are demonstrated. The PNBT structure has a symmetrical source drain structure. devices show SS (< 1 mV/dec) characteristics while maintaining low off current pA/ <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$ </tex-math></inline-formula> m) high...

Sigma phase generally precipitates in duplex stainless steel during slow cooling, which usually causes loss both corrosion resistance and fracture toughness. To develop a non-destructive method to detect the sigma for situ use quality management of large structures, double-loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation behaviour continuously cooled SUS329J4L at different cooling rates was investigated under conditions. The polarisation condition with solution 0.5 M H2SO4 + 0.01 KSCN NaCl...

In this paper, the diode characteristics of our newly proposed super-steep subthreshold slope “PN-body tied (PNBT) silicon-on-insulator field-effect transistor” are presented, and compared with conventional diodes. We report that device possesses characteristics, low leakage current, sharp turn-on even in ultralow voltage range (50 mV). These indicate PNBT can potentially be used high-efficiency rectification for energy harvesting, particularly situations where there is input power....

Many heavy-duty commercial vehicles are now equipped with urea-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems, which can reduce NO x emissions sufficiently to meet the requirements of legislation such as Japan's New Long-term Diesel Emissions Regulations. However, in order even stricter exhaust regulations (and fuel consumption standards) due be imposed many parts world near future, urea-SCR systems greater efficiency combined diesel particulate filters (DPFs) will needed. Therefore, study...

Purpose: Sensorimotor rhythm patterns in patients with lower limb amputations might be altered because of reorganization the sensorimotor cortices. The authors evaluated motor imagery (MI) healthy subjects and amputations. In addition, investigated whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could modulate control. Methods: Six six were assigned to receive anodal, cathodal, or sham tDCS over foot area a randomized order. event-related desynchronization synchronization (ERS)...

Abstract This work demonstrated leaky-integrate-and-fire (LIF) behavior using a gate-controlled carrier-injection silicon-on-insulator transistor (GCCI SOI-Tr) and confirmed its signal amplification capability. We believe that large-scale spiking neural network requires devices capable of to effectively drive multiple post-synaptic neurons. The GCCI SOI-Tr could realize capacitorless LIF with weight parameter. In addition, significant might be achieved by scaling the SOI-Tr.

This paper focuses on the size effect for lead zirconate titanate. Pb(Zr0.3Ti0.7)O3 (PZT30) nanopowders with different sizes were prepared by chemical solution deposition. The crystal of samples determined X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). structures identified XRD. c/a ratio or tetragonality PZT30 nanocrystals was close to 1 decreasing size. Raman spectra various grain have been observed show sudden decrease in soft mode frequencies E(1TO) A1(1TO) at around...

The deep tendon reflex exam is an important part of neurological assessment patients consisting two components, elicitation and grading. While this has traditionally been performed in person, with trained clinicians both eliciting grading the reflex, work seeks to enable by novices. COVID-19 pandemic motivated greater utilization telemedicine other remote healthcare delivery tools. A smart hammer capable streaming acceleration measurements wirelessly allows differentiation correct incorrect...