Glioblastomas (GBMs) are high‐grade brain tumors, differentially driven by alterations (amplification, deletion or missense mutations) in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), that carry a poor prognosis of just 12–15 months following standard therapy. A combination interventions targeting tumor‐specific cell surface regulators along with convergent downstream signaling pathways may enhance treatment efficacy. Against this background, we investigated novel photoimmunotherapy approach...

We demonstrate a versatile phase-change sub-micron contrast agent providing three modes of enhancement: 1) photoacoustic imaging contrast, 2) ultrasound with optical activation, and 3) acoustic activation. This agent, which we name 'Cy-droplet', has the following novel features. It comprises highly volatile perfluorocarbon for easy near-infrared optically absorbing dye chosen to absorb light at wavelength good tissue penetration. is manufactured via 'microbubble condensation' method. The...

Abstract There is an urgent need to develop therapeutic approaches that can increase the response rate immuno-oncology agents. Photoimmunotherapy has recently been shown generate anti-tumour immunological responses by releasing tumour-associated antigens from ablated tumour cell residues, thereby enhancing antigenicity and adjuvanticity. Here, we investigate feasibility of a novel HER2-targeted affibody-based conjugate (Z HER2:2395 -IR700) selectively induce cancer death in vitro vivo. The...

Introduction: Acoustic Cluster Therapy (ACT) comprises co-administration of a formulation containing microbubble/microdroplet clusters (PS101), together with regular medicinal drug (e.g., chemotherapeutic) and local ultrasound (US) insonation the targeted pathological tissue tumour). PS101 is confined to vascular compartment and, when are exposed diagnostic imaging US fields, microdroplets undergo phase-shift produce bubbles median diameter 22 µm unconstrained by capillary wall. In vivo...

Gold nanorods (GNRs) are increasingly being investigated for cancer theranostics as they possess features which lend themselves in equal measures contrast agents and catalysts photothermal therapy. Their optical absorption spectral peak wavelength is determined by their size shape. Photothermal therapy using GNRs typically established near infrared light this allows sufficient penetration into the tumour matrix. Continuous wave (CW) lasers most commonly applied source of irradiation on It...

Tgif1 (thymine–guanine-interacting factor 1) and Tgif2 repress gene expression by binding directly to DNA or interacting with transforming growth (TGF) β-responsive SMADs. Tgifs are essential for embryogenesis may function in tumor progression. By analyzing both gain loss of Tgif a well-established mouse model intestinal cancer, we show that promote adenoma the context mutant Apc ( adenomatous polyposis coli ). Despite tumor-suppressive role TGFβ signaling, transcriptome profiling colon...

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) provides information on haemoglobin levels and blood oxygenation (sO2). To facilitate assessment of the variability in sO2 tumours, for example response to therapies, baseline these parameters was evaluated subcutaneous head neck tumours mice, using a PAI system (MSOTinVision-256TF). Tumours anaesthetized animals (midazolam-fentanyl-medetomidine) were imaged 75 min, varying positions, repeatedly over 6 days. An increasing linear trend average tumoural observed,...

This article reports the experimental validation of a method for correcting underestimates peak compressional pressure ( pc) , rarefactional pr) and pulse intensity integral (pii) due to hydrophone spatial averaging effects that occur during output measurement clinical linear phased arrays. Pressure parameters pc pr pii), which are used compute acoustic exposure safety indexes, such as mechanical index (MI) thermal (TI), often not corrected because standardized doing so does exist In...

Mouse embryos conditionally lacking Tgif1 and Tgif2 have holoprosencephaly defects in left-right asymmetry. To identify pathways affected by loss of Tgif function during embryogenesis, we performed transcriptome profiling on whole mouse embryos. Among the genes with altered expression Tgifs were a number links to cilium function. One these, Evi5l, encodes RabGAP that is known block formation cilia when overexpressed. Evi5l increased Tgif1; Tgif2-null double-null embryo fibroblasts (MEFs)....

Frequency-dependent effective sensitive element radius [Formula: see text] is a key parameter for elucidating physical mechanisms of hydrophone operation. In addition, it essential to know correct output voltage reduction due spatial averaging across the surface. At low frequencies, greater than geometrical ag . Consequently, at investigators can overrate their resolution. Empirical models membrane, needle, and fiber-optic hydrophones have been obtained previously. this article, an empirical...

Optoacoustic imaging (OAI) can detect haemoglobin and assess its oxygenation. However, the lack of a signal need not indicate perfusion. This study uses novel method to assist co-registration optoacoustic images with dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) demonstrate, in preclinical tumour models, value combining perfusion method, showing that does necessarily an absence DCE-US was chosen for this particular experiment because US is extremely sensitive microbubble agents microbubbles,...

Three-dimensional imaging is valuable to noninvasively assess angiogenesis given the complex 3-D architecture of vascular networks. The emergence high frame rate (HFR) ultrasound, which can produce thousands images per second, has inspired novel signal processing techniques and their applications in structural functional blood vessels. Although highly sensitive mapping been demonstrated using ultrafast Doppler, detectability microvasculature from background noise may be hindered by low...

Introduction: Acoustic Cluster Therapy (ACT) comprises coadministration of a formulation containing microbubble-microdroplet clusters (PS101) together with regular medicinal drug and local ultrasound (US) insonation the targeted pathological tissue. PS101 is confined to vascular compartment when are exposed diagnostic imaging US fields, microdroplets undergo phase shift produce bubbles median diameter 22 µm. Low frequency, low mechanical index then applied drive oscillations deposited ACT...

This article reports an investigation of inverse-filter method to correct for experimental underestimation pressure due spatial averaging across a hydrophone sensitive element. The filter (SAF) depends on type (membrane, needle, or fiber-optic), geometrical element diameter, transducer driving frequency, and F number (ratio focal length diameter). absolute difference between theoretical SAFs 25 transducer/hydrophone pairs was 7% ± 3% (mean standard deviation). Empirical formulas based are...

This article reports experimental validation for spatiotemporal deconvolution methods and simple empirical formulas to correct pressure beamwidth measurements spatial averaging across a hydrophone sensitive element. The method was validated using linear nonlinear beams transmitted by seven single-element spherically focusing transducers (2–10 MHz; <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${F}$...

Targeted therapies specific to the BRAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway have shown great promise in treatment of malignant melanoma last few years, with these drugs now commonly used clinic. Melanoma cells treated using agents are known exhibit increased levels melanin pigment and tyrosinase activity. In this study we assessed potential non-invasive imaging approaches (photoacoustic (PAI) magnetic resonance (MRI)) detect induction SKMEL28 human cells, following inhibition Hsp90 BRAF 17-AAG...

Contrast-enhanced photoacoustic imaging has shown a great potential in various medical applications. Although different types of customized contrast agents were developed over the decade, there is no commercial FDA-approved agents. This study shows vivo low-boiling-point phase-change nanodroplets, made using ingredients from an existing microbubble ultrasound without any dye coated, mouse to demonstrate that may have be used facilitate clinical translation imaging. Decafluorobutane-core...

Contrast-enhanced photoacoustic imaging has shown great potential in medical applications. Despite the obvious advantages of contrast enhancement, agent signals attenuate significantly during propagation process and can be masked by noise clutter generated tissue, resulting reduction sensitivity. In this study, we demonstrate that acoustic sub-aperture processing (ASAP) may adapted to images generate high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared conventional spatiotemporal filtered images....

In this study, a photoacoustic super-resolution imaging technique was developed through the activation of Cyanine 7.5-coated phase-change nanodroplets using preclinical system and localizing activated droplets. As proof-of-concept experiment, images flowing dye-coated in microfluidic channels were obtained with cylindrically focused curved-array. Experimental results showed that can resolve which cannot be resolved by conventional beamformed images. The also optically vivo signals separated...

Phantom test devices are used in the development of medical imaging modalities to gain a more complete understanding underlying physical processes and optimize techniques. There currently no standard photoacoustic (PAI) phantoms, although there is move towards standardization, notably new international consortium (IPASC) focusing on standardization PAI techniques phantoms. The use gel wax/copolymer oil materials relatively recent with only limited studies carried out, however such hold...

Although molecularly targeted cancer therapies have shown great promise, it is now evident that responses are dependent upon the molecular genetic context. Spatial and temporal tumour heterogeneity renders biopsy of solid tumours unsuitable for determining profile disease, making adaptation appropriate therapy difficult. We utilized tunable optical absorption characteristic gold nanorods to assess potential photoacoustics non-invasive multiplexed imaging. Gold with resonance peaks at 700nm...

Abstract Radiotherapy is commonly used for cancer therapy, although its efficacy reduced in hypoxic regions of tumours. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) an emergent, non-invasive technique that allows the measurement blood oxygen saturation (sO 2 ) which inversely correlates with hypoxia tissue. The potential use PAI as a prognostic tool radiotherapy outcome was investigated head and neck model vivo . performed before delivering single fraction (10, 20 or 30 Gy) treatment. results show tumours...