Infrared-terahertz (IRT) resonant absorption complies with unique biomolecule fingerprints, including neurotransmitters, proteins, ribonucleic acid, and deoxyribonucleic rendering it a suitable technology to achieve conformational variations functional adjustments. Recent research has preliminarily confirmed that IRT waves can reversibly nonthermally regulate gene expression, transmit biological information, transform protein function, intervene in the interchange of material at molecular...

Dielectric window breakdown is a serious challenge in high-power microwave (HPM) transmission and radiation. Breakdown at the vacuum/dielectric interface triggered by multipactor finally realized plasma avalanche ambient desorbed or evaporated gas layer above dielectric. Methods of improving thresholds are key challenges HPM systems. First, main theoretical experimental progress reviewed. Next, mechanisms suppression for periodic rectangular triangular surface profiles dynamic analysis...

A novel approach to generating coherent x rays with 10(9)-10(10) photons and femtoseconds duration per laser pulse is proposed. This high intensity x-ray source realized first by the front tilt of a lateral fed extend electron-laser synchronic interaction time several orders, which accomplishes high-gain free-electron-laser-type exponential growth process emission highly microbunched electron beam. Second, two methods are presented enhance effective optical undulator strength parameter. One...

Postsynaptic currents of chemical synapse are modulated by multitudinous neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, dopamine, glutamate, and γ-aminobutyric acid, many which have been used in the treatment neurological diseases. Here, based on molecular dynamics simulations quantum calculation, we propose that 30- to 45-THz photons can resonate with a variety typical neurotransmitter molecules make them absorb photon energy activate transition high state, is expected be new method neural...

We report the laser-chirp controlled terahertz (THz) wave generation from two-color-laser-induced air plasma. Our experimental results reveal that THz is affected by both laser energy and chirp, leading to radiation minima can be quantitatively reconstructed using linear-dipole-array model. The phase difference between two colors, determined chirp intensity of laser, account for minima. Furthermore, we observe an asynchronous variation in generated spectrum, which suggests a...

Hydrogel-based sensors typically demonstrate conspicuous swelling behavior in aqueous environments, which can severely compromise the mechanical integrity and distort sensing signals, thereby considerably constraining their widespread applicability. Drawing inspiration from multilevel heterogeneous structures biological tissues, an antiswelling hydrogel sensor endowed with high strength, rapid self-recovery, low ratio was fabricated through a water-induced phase separation coordination...

The mechanisms of nanosecond microwave-driven discharges near a dielectric/vacuum interface were studied by measuring the time- and space-dependent optical emissions pulse waveforms. experimental observations indicate multipactor plasma developing in thin layer several millimeters above interface. emission brightness increases significantly after main pulse, but region widens little. are analysis simulation, revealing intense ionization concentrated desorbed high-pressure layer, leading to...

Static magnetic undulators used by x-ray light sources are fundamentally too limited to achieve shorter undulator periods and dynamic control. To overcome these limitations, we report experimental demonstration of a novel short-period microwave undulator, essentially Thomson scattering device, that has yielded tunable spontaneous emission seeded coherent radiation. Its equivalent period (λu) is 13.9 mm while it achieved an field 0.65 T. For future-generation sources, this device promises...

One of the most popular strategies optimization drug properties in pharmaceutical industry appears to be a solid form changing into cocrystalline form. A number virtual screening approaches have been previously developed allow selection promising cocrystal formers (coformers) for an experimental follow-up. significant drawback those methods is related lack accounting crystallinity contribution formation. To address this issue, we propose study two coformer based on modern cloud-computing...

Continuous and efficient energy capture represents a long-sought dream of mankind. The brain is major energy-consuming organ; an adult accounts for about 2% the body weight but consumes 20% body's energy. However, it still unclear how achieves use Here, using nerve cells as test subjects, we found that THz photons with specific frequency can effectively restore reduced action potentials caused by inadequate ATP supply, which has been demonstrated novel mode present emission at particular...

Abstract Compared to transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers, rhombohedral-stacked (R-stacked) TMD bilayers exhibit remarkable electrical performance, enhanced nonlinear optical response, giant piezo-photovoltaic effect and intrinsic interfacial ferroelectricity. However, from a thermodynamics perspective, the formation energies of R-stacked hexagonal-stacked (H-stacked) are nearly identical, leading mixed stacking both H- in epitaxial films. Here, we report remote epitaxy...

The effect of periodic rectangular grooves on vacuum multipactor has been theoretically and experimentally investigated. Dynamic calculation is applied to research the electron trajectory impact energy under groove surface. Two-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation used analyze compare scenario, statistic energy, secondary emission yield flat surface with that corrugated It found by computational simulative analysis grooved can explicitly suppress in developmental stage...

Through dynamic calculation and electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation, high-power microwave dielectric multipactor is discovered to be suppressed by utilizing external dc magnetic field parallel the surface, perpendicular rf satisfying gyrofrequency close frequency Ω∼ω. It found that electrons emitted from surface can resonantly accelerated obtain impact energy εe higher than second crossover energy, leading secondary emission yield lower one. Besides, corresponding flight time gets...

A composite micro-textured surface structure is proposed and demonstrated to enhance the flashover strength of polymer insulators used in vacuum. The fabricated two stages, with periodic triangular grooves approximately 210 μm width formed first stage micro-holes 2 coated on inner second. aim exploit synergistic effects between suppress secondary electron yield obtain a better performance. To acquire surface, CO2 laser processing technique applied treat PMMA insulators. test results show...

This paper theoretically and experimentally researches the effect of a periodic sawtooth surface on vacuum multipactor. Dynamic calculation particle-in-cell simulation are applied to analyze electron impact energy multipactor scenario isosceles triangular with different slope angles heights. It has been discovered that, angle increasing, significantly decreases be lower than first crossover secondary yield curve, leading suppressed S-band high power microwave dielectric breakdown experiment,...

Gas desorbed by electrons plays a key role in multipactor saturation and final plasma breakdown at the vacuum side of window high power microwave systems. A model involving electron-neutral collision ionization is established. When desorption gas pressure reaches 1Torr, electron impact energy apparently decreases, saturates lower surface charging field, meets easier, compared to vacuum. Experiments for different material windows microwave, with 1GW, frequency 9.4GHz, 20ns single multiple...

A high-power 1-D phased array of leaky-wave antennas (high-power antenna) is proposed and investigated. This antenna characterized by a high efficiency, notable power capacity, phase speed. The primarily composed six shifters, sectorial-waveguide divider, antenna. First, novel shifter designed to overcome the problems traditional shifters with low capacities, huge volumes, slow phase-shift velocities. experimental results show that capacity 200 MW fast shift 360° within 0.1 s can be...

Crystal structure prediction (CSP) is an invaluable tool in the pharmaceutical industry because it allows to predict all possible crystalline solid forms of small-molecule active ingredients. We have used a CSP-based cocrystal method rank ten potential coformers by energy cocrystallization reaction with antiviral drug candidate, MK-8876, and triol process intermediate, 2-ethynylglyclerol. For was performed retrospectively successfully predicted maleic acid as most likely be observed. The...

Efforts by a number of institutions to develop Dielectric-Loaded Accelerating (DLA) structure capable supporting high gradient acceleration when driven an external radio frequency source have been ongoing over the past decade. Single surface resonant multipactor has previously identified as one major limitations on practical application DLA structures in electron accelerators. In this paper, we report results experiment that demonstrated suppression growth X-band through use applied axial...

A new compact low-loss fast phase-shift high-power microwave (HPM) phase shifter (PS) is proposed, designed, and cold tested. Firstly, based on solving the scattering matrix eigenvectors, we design a novel HPM dual circular polarizer, then dumbbell-like metal plug driven by high-speed servomotor used to slide short circuit along polarized port adjust output RF phase, which varies 180° moving with quarter of guided wavelength. The X-band PS has total length 9.5 cm power capacity achieved 300...