A5035759147- Genital Health and Disease
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV/AIDS oral health manifestations
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Pelvic floor disorders treatments
- Oral Health Pathology and Treatment
- Tumors and Oncological Cases
- Mast cells and histamine
- Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders
- IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
- Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
- Cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders research
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Optical Coherence Tomography Applications
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Uganda Virus Research Institute
2022-2024
QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
2023-2024
The University of Queensland
2023-2024
University of Nottingham
2023
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2022
Rhinovirus-induced neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to acute asthma exacerbations; however, the molecular factors that trigger NETosis in this context remain ill-defined. Here, we sought implicate a role for IL-33, an epithelial cell-derived alarmin rapidly released response infection. In mice with chronic experimental (CEA), but not naïve controls, rhinovirus inoculation induced early (1 day post infection; dpi) inflammatory dominated by neutrophils, neutrophil-associated...
There is an urgent need for better immunoassays to measure antibody responses as part of immune-surveillance activities and profile immunological emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. We optimised validated in-house conventional ELISA identify quantify spike- (S-), receptor binding domain- (RBD-), nucleoprotein- (N-) directed IgG, IgM, IgA antibodies in the Ugandan population similar settings. Pre- post-pandemic specimens were used compare utility mean ± 2SD, 3SD, 4-fold above blanks, bootstrapping,...
The efficacy of on-demand HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for men in sub-Saharan Africa has not been evaluated, and the PrEP dosing requirement insertive sex remains unknown.
Abstract Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) signals via the DP1 and DP2 receptors. In Phase II trials, antagonism decreased airway inflammation smooth muscle (ASM) area in moderate-to-severe asthma patients. However, III, failed to lower rate of exacerbations, as a target was shelved. Here, using preclinical model chronic experimental asthma, we demonstrate that rhinovirus-induced exacerbations increase PGD2 release, mucus production, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 type-2 inflammation. or agonism...
Objectives: As topical Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) has been shown to cause immune modulation in rectal or cervical tissue, our aim was examine the impact of oral PrEP on lymphoid and myeloid changes foreskin response dosing timing drug administration. Design: HIV-negative males (n = 144) were recruited South Africa Uganda into an open-label randomised controlled trial a 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1 ratio control arm (with no PrEP) one eight arms receiving emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate...
HIV-1 pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) relies on inhibition of replication steps. To understand how PrEP modulates the immunological environment, we derived plasma proteomic profile men receiving emtricitabine-tenofovir (FTC-TDF) or alafenamide (FTC-TAF) during CHAPS trial in South Africa and Uganda (NCT03986970). The randomized 144 participants to one control 8 arms, differing by drug type, number doses timing from final dose sampling. Blood was collected pre- post-PrEP. inflammatory samples...
Whilst short-term oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with antiretroviral drugs in men who have sex has shown protection against HIV-1 infection, the impact of this regimen on vivo foreskin transcriptome is unknown. We collected tissue after voluntary medical male circumcision from 144 young (72 Uganda and 72 South Africa) randomized to one two doses either tenofovir (TFV) disoproxil fumarate (FTC-TDF) or alafenamide (FTC-TAF) no drug (untreated controls). This novel approach allowed us...
The penile epithelial microbiome remains underexplored. We sequenced human RNA and a segment of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from foreskin tissue 144 adolescents South Africa Uganda collected during circumcision after receipt 1–2 doses placebo, emtricitabine + tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, or alafenamide to investigate its potential changes with antiretroviral use. identified large number anaerobic species, including Corynebacterium acnes, which was detected more frequently in participants...
Lifestyle factors like poor maternal diet or antibiotic exposure disrupt early life microbiome assembly in infants, increasing the risk of severe lower respiratory infections (sLRI). Our prior studies mice indicated that a low-fibre (LFD) exacerbates LRI severity infants by impairing recruitment plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and consequently attenuating expansion lung regulatory T (Treg) during pneumonia virus (PVM) infection. Here, we investigated whether dietary fibre intake...
Introduction Tight junctions (TJs) serve as permeability filters between the internal and external cellular environment. A large number of proteins have been identified to be localized at TJs. Due limitations in tissue collection, TJs male genital tract understudied. Methods We analysed transcriptomics 132 TJ genes foreskin men requesting voluntary medical circumcision (VMMC) enrolled Combined HIV Adolescent Prevention Study (CHAPS) trial conducted South Africa Uganda (NCT03986970). The...
Abstract Background Several prognostic factors for primary cutaneous melanoma (PCM) have been identified, and these predict metastasis survival, to a certain extent. We sought determine the frequency of angiotropism (AT) lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in PCM relationship between AT, LVI, other clinicopathological parameters patient's prognosis. Methods This study included 538 cases diagnosed 2003 2016. It comprised 246 females 292 males whose variables were evaluated with respect LVI AT using...
Abstract As part of the CHAPS randomized clinical trial, we sequenced a segment bacterial 16S rRNA gene from foreskin tissue 144 adolescents South Africa and Uganda collected during surgical penile circumcision after receipt 1 to 2 doses placebo, emtricitabine with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, or alafenamide. We found large proportion Corynebacterium in addition other anaerobic species. Cutibacterium acnes was more abundant among participants than Uganda, though this made no difference...