The regeneration of tooth enamel, the hardest biological tissue, remains a considerable challenge because its complicated and well-aligned apatite structure has not been duplicated artificially. We herein reveal that rationally designed material composed calcium phosphate ion clusters can be used to produce precursor layer induce epitaxial crystal growth enamel apatite, which mimics biomineralization crystalline-amorphous frontier hard tissue development in nature. After repair, damaged...

Biological hard tissues such as bones always contain extremely high levels of citrate, which is believed to play an important role in bone formation well osteoporosis treatments. However, its mechanism on biomineralization not elucidated. Here, it found that the adsorbed citrate molecules collagen fibrils can significantly reduce interfacial energy between biological matrix and amorphous calcium phosphate precursor enhance their wetting effect at early stage, sequentially facilitating...

The application of calcium phosphates and their nanoparticles have been received great attention. However, hydroxyapatite (HAP) is not suggested in dental therapy to repair the damaged enamel directly although this compound has a similar chemical composition enamel. We note that size-effects HAP are taken into account previous studies as these artificial particles frequently sizes hundreds nanometres. It recently revealed basic building blocks 20–40 nm nanoparticles. suggest effect can be...

Inspired by eggshells in nature, living yeast cells were conferred with an artificial mineral coat using a combination of the layer-by-layer (LBL) treatment functional polymers and situ biomimetic mineralization. The resulting hard inorganic shells have tremendous effect on storage, protection, delivery, modification cells.

The biomedical materials research community frequently accepts that amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) can be adsorbed and assimilated more readily by living organisms to produce new bone tissue than crystallized phosphates such as hydroxyapatite (HAP). Previous studies also confirm ACP has improved bioactivity compared HAP since adhesion proliferation of osteogenic cells are observed on the substrates. However, we note different size -effects not taken into account in these used always...

Hollow-structured calcium phosphate nanospheres can be transferred into pin-shaped crystallites under the ultrasonic treatments, release of encapsulated compounds on/off triggered, and its kinetics is precisely regulated by power density, duty cycle, application time ultrasound.

Magnesium ions (Mg2+) are widely present in biological fluids, and they suggested as the vital factors that inhibit spontaneous hydroxyapatite (HAP) precipitation nature. However, regulation mechanisms of Mg2+ on HAP crystallization still under intensive debates. We find a typical from supersaturated solutions should include five stages: s1, formation ion clusters amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP); s2, stabilization ACP; s3, transformation ACP to via dissolution crystallization; s4,...

Potential mechanisms for formation of highly organized biomineralized structures include oriented crystal growth on templates, the aggregation nanocrystals by attachment, and assembly inorganic nanoparticles mediated organic molecules into aggregated structures. In present study, potential role amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) in facilitating hydroxyapatite (HAP) ordered was evaluated. The physical characteristics HAP prepared three different methods were analyzed after extended exposure to...

A biomimetic construction of enamel-like apatite material is achieved by the cooperation nanoparticles and Glu on enamel substrate under physiological conditions; artificial layer shares exactly same crystallographic tectonic properties with natural enamel; apparent restoration hardness particularly significant. We suggest a biomineralization-inspired strategy to approach biomaterials optimal characteristics. Detailed facts importance specialist readers are published as "Supporting...

Abstract Manipulation of inorganic materials with organic macromolecules enables organisms to create biominerals such as bones and seashells, where occlusion biomacromolecules within individual crystals generates superior mechanical properties. Current understanding this process largely comes from studying the entrapment micron-size particles in cooling melts. Here, by investigating micelle incorporation calcite atomic force microscopy micromechanical simulations, we show that different...

Abstract Sensitivity and multi‐directional motivation are major two factors for developing optimized humidity‐response materials, which promising sensing, energy production, etc. Organic functional groups commonly used as the water sensitive units through hydrogen bond interactions with molecules in actuators. The multi‐coordination ability of inorganic ions implies that ionic compounds potentially superior units. However, particle forms produced by classical nucleation limit number exposed...

The development of environmentally friendly plastics is critical to ensure sustainable development. In contrast polymer derived from petrochemicals, inorganic minerals, which are the most abundant matter in Earth's crust, friendly. However, brittleness these minerals limits their applications as plastics. Here, because advantages both biomineralization and ionic polymerization, calcium phosphate (CaP, a typical geological biological mineral) oligomers used for biomimetic mineralization under...

Pure N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and DMF−water mixtures are studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. An OPLS all-atom force field is used for the simulation of DMF, revealing local order formation weak hydrogen bond C−H···O, TIP5P adopted water compared with latest X-ray neutron diffraction experiment. Solution properties investigated using radial distribution functions (RDFs) bonding properties. A significant composition dependence, which attributed to prevailing influence strongly...

The regulation mechanism of organic additives on the crystallization inorganic crystal is fundamentally important in biomineralization. Experimentally, it was found that amino acids glycine (Gly) and glutamic acid (Glu) could lead to formation rod- plate-like hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystallites, respectively. detailed adsorption behavior Gly Glu HAP faces studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. specific sites patterns (100) (001) crystals were revealed at atomic level. adsorbed with...

The process from the amorphous calcium phosphate phase to hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystalline has been captured in a simulated physiological fluid by combining situ extinction detection and ex electronic microscopy. results reveal secret of transformation orientation controls during initial stage mineral formation.

Citrate controls nucleation by association with a precursor amorphous phase, which inhibits the surface reaction for nucleation.

Generally, a solution nucleation model is used to study biomineralization kinetics. However, we found that the amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-mediated hydroxyapatite (HAP) in simulated body fluids (SBF) had different profile from linear relationship between ln <italic>J</italic> and ln⁻² <italic>S</italic> (<italic>J</italic>, rate; <italic>S</italic>, supersaturation). This behaviour was alternatively explained by developed heterogeneous theory, which indicated HAP nucleated...

Abstract Biomimetic mineralization can lead to advanced crystalline composites with common chemicals under ambient conditions. An exceptional example is biomimetic nacre its superior fracture toughness. The synthesis of the prismatic layer stiffness and wear resistance nonetheless remains an elusive goal. Herein, we apply a method grow prismatic-type CaCO 3 thin films, mimicking their biogenic counterparts found in mollusk shells three-step pathway: coating polymer substrate, deposition...

Rapid biomimetic intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen was induced by polyelectrolyte–calcium complexes as a pre-precursor.

Abstract Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is triggered by external stimuli irking fluid flow through exposed dentinal tubules (DTs). Three commercially available desensitizing agents as control in this study only achieve limited occlusion depths of ≈10 µm the DTs well scarce remineralization demineralized dentin matrix. Herein, polyelectrolyte‐calcium complexes pre‐precursor (PCCP) process proposed for managing DH that with rubbed ultrahighly concentrated suspension (4 g L −1 ‐5.44 m ) followed...

An all-atom force field is developed using a combination of density functional theory calculations and OPLS parameter values for the 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidium lactate (TMG) lactic acid (LAC) ionic liquid (TMGL). The computed TMGL in good agreement with available experimental values. internal energy components, cohesive density, self-diffusion constants are also discussed. Molecular dynamics simulations then conducted to investigate solubility SO2 CO2 gases TMGL. simulation results show...

As the main inorganic component of biological bone and tooth enamel, hydroxyapatite (HAP) is highly biocompatible bioactive. Our recent work has shown that 20 nm HAP can be readily internalized by living cells. However, nanoparticles are not luminescent so they difficult to measure in cells during vitro experiments. A novel probe was suggested doping with terbium. The calcium ions on particle surface could partially replaced Tb, which resulted Tb-HAP particles. Tb-doped became observed under...