Across five experiments we examined the role of valence in children's and adults' true false memories. Using Deese/Roediger-McDermott paradigm either neutral or negative-emotional lists, both (Experiment 1) 2) recall recognition was better for than negative items, although also higher items. The last three 3) (Experiments 4 5) 1-week long-term information. results replicated immediate findings from first two experiments. More important, these showed that decreased over interval, items...

The dynamics of perceptual bistability, the phenomenon in which perception switches between different interpretations an unchanging stimulus, are characterised by very similar properties across a wide range qualitatively paradigms. This suggests that switching may be triggered some common source. However, it is also possible arise from distributed system, whose components vary according to specifics experiences involved. Here we used visual and auditory task determine whether individuals...

The effects of associative strength on rates 7- and 11-year-old children's true false memories were examined when category Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) lists used to cue the same critical lure. Backward (BAS) was varied such that DRM had (DRM=category), more BAS (DRM>category), or (DRM<category). If drives then BAS, not type relation across items in a list, should determine memory production. results confirmed this prediction using both recall recognition measures: (1) increased with age,...

Two experiments examined the nature of visuo-spatial mental imagery generation and maintenance in 4-, 6-, 8-, 10-year old children adults (N = 211). The key questions were how image develop (Experiment 1) accurately coordinate visually perceived images 2). Experiment 1 indicated that basic abilities are present at 4 years age but precision with which generated maintained improves particularly between 8 years. In addition to increased precision, 2 demonstrated become increasingly similar...

Jigsaw puzzles are ubiquitous developmental toys in Western societies, used here to examine the development of metarepresentation. For jigsaw this entails understanding that individual pieces, when assembled, produce a picture. In Experiment 1, 3‐ 5‐year‐olds ( N = 117) completed were normal, had no picture, or comprised noninterlocking rectangular pieces. Pictorial puzzle completion was associated with mental and graphical metarepresentational task performance. Guide pictures pictorial not...

A large body of autism research over the last 20 years has shown that people with have difficulties understanding mental states. This been conceived as a metarepresentational deficit. An open question is whether autism's deficit limited to domain. explores individuals representational nature pictures. With use ambiguous figures, where single stimulus capable representing two distinct referents, we compared abilities in pictorial and domains perception ambiguity. Our findings indicate are...

Abstract. The aim was to quantify ego depletion and measure its effect on inhibitory control. Adults ( N = 523) received the letter “e” cancellation task were subsequently tested Stroop performance. Difficulty of systematically manipulated by modifying text from semantically meaningful non-meaningful sentences words (Experiment 1) increasing rule complexity 2). Participants’ performance affected both manipulations. There no relation between subsequent Thus, irrespective difficulty task,...

The development and relation of mental scanning rotation were examined in 4-, 6-, 8-, 10-year old children adults (N = 102). Based on previous findings from ageing populations, the key question was whether they develop as a set related abilities become increasingly differentiated or are unrelated per se. Findings revealed that both between 4- 6 years age. Specifically, 4-year-olds showed no difference accuracy trials whereas all older made more errors trials. Additionally, minority linear...

To investigate the format of mental images and penetrability imagery performance to top-down influences in form gravity information, children (4-, 6-, 8- 10-year-olds) adults (N = 112) performed rotation tasks. A linear increase response time with angle emerged at 6-years, suggesting that spatial properties are represented children’s images. Moreover, 8-, 10-year-olds, but not 4-year-olds or adults, took longer respond rotated stimuli pairs when information was incongruent direction rather...

The aim was to examine how item repetition at encoding and response deadline retrieval affect familiarity recollection in 5-, 7-, or 11-year-old children (N = 156). Familiarity were estimated using a process dissociation paradigm. Direct comparison of the effects under unlimited limited time revealed recollection. both boosted (via repetition) reduced limit). unaffected by limit. Moreover, only time. Together with several distinct age-related increases for familiarity, these results provide...

Three experiments examined 3- to 5-year-olds' (N = 428) understanding of the relationship between pictorial iconicity (photograph, colored drawing, schematic drawing) and real world referent. Experiments 1 2 explored in picture-referent confusion after picture-object has been established. Pictorial had no effect on referential when referent changed picture taken/drawn (Experiment 1) were different from outset 2). Experiment 3 investigated whether children are sensitive begin with. Children...