A5064900148- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Nosocomial Infections in ICU
- Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
- Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Gut microbiota and health
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Microbial Metabolism and Applications
- Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Orthopedic Infections and Treatments
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
University of Southampton
2020-2025
NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre
2025
University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
2025
Swansea University
2016-2025
University of Canberra
2020
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
2020
Universidade de São Paulo
2020
University of Portsmouth
2020
Medicines Evaluation Unit
2020
University of Manchester
2020
Bronchiectasis is a chronic debilitating disease with few evidence-based long-term treatments.A randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of nebulized gentamicin therapy over 1 year in patients non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.Sixty-five were to either twice-daily gentamicin, 80 mg, or 0.9% saline, for 12 months. All reviewed at three-monthly intervals during treatment and 3 months' follow-up.At each review following assessed: quantitative qualitative sputum bacteriology;...
Abstract Chickens are the most common birds on Earth and colibacillosis is among diseases affecting them. This major threat to animal welfare safe sustainable food production difficult combat because etiological agent, avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), emerges from ubiquitous commensal gut bacteria, with no single virulence gene present in all disease-causing isolates. Here, we address underlying evolutionary mechanisms of extraintestinal spread systemic infection poultry. Combining...
Regulated recruitment and clearance of neutrophils (PMN) is the hallmark competent host defense resolution inflammation. We now report that IFN-γ controls PMN infiltration modulates IL-6 signaling through its soluble receptor (sIL-6R) to promote their apoptosis clearance. Induction peritoneal inflammation in IFN-γ–deficient (IFN-γ–/–) mice emphasized initial rate was impaired. This defect also associated with suppressed intraperitoneal expression IL-1β IL-6. Reconstitution restored levels...
Abstract The human cathelicidin LL-37 is a cationic host defense peptide (antimicrobial peptide) expressed primarily by neutrophils and epithelial cells. This peptide, up-regulated under conditions of inflammation, has immunomodulatory antimicrobial functions. We demonstrate that potent inhibitor neutrophil apoptosis, signaling through P2X7 receptors G-protein-coupled other than the formyl receptor-like-1 molecule. process involved modulation Mcl-1 expression, inhibition BID procaspase-3...
The opportunistic pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis represent major causes of severe nosocomial infection, are associated with high levels mortality morbidity worldwide. These species both common commensals on the human skin in nasal pharynx, but genetically distinct, differing at 24% average nucleotide divergence 1,478 core genes. To better understand genome dynamics these ecologically similar staphylococcal species, we carried out a comparative analysis 324 S. genomes,...
Rationale: Acute lung injury (ALI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, with no currently effective pharmacological therapies. Neutrophils have been specifically implicated in the pathogenesis ALI, there has significant research into mechanisms early neutrophil recruitment, but those controlling later phases emigration that characterize disease are poorly understood.Objectives: To determine influence peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs) established ALI.Methods: In a murine model...
ABSTRACT Campylobacter infections in humans and chickens are a significant burden to health services the poultry industry. In UK, over 75% of chicken products -positive at retail, but knowledge mechanisms responsible for extraintestinal spread into edible tissues remains incomplete. This work aimed establish if two chicken-associated lineages jejuni , ST353 ST464, have potential spread. Large- small-scale colonization trials investigated infection biology C. (three strains) ST464 (four...
Abstract Interleukin-6 signaling via its soluble receptor (sIL-6R) differentially regulates inflammatory chemokine expression and leukocyte apoptosis to coordinate transition from neutrophil mononuclear cell infiltration. sIL-6R activities may, however, be influenced in vivo by the occurrence of two isoforms that are released as a consequence differential mRNA splicing (DS) or proteolytic cleavage (PC) cognate IL-6R (termed DS- PC-sIL-6R). Using human peritoneal mesothelial cells murine...
<h3>Background</h3> Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most commonly fatal nosocomial infection. Clinical diagnosis of VAP remains notoriously inaccurate. The hypothesis was tested that significantly augmented inflammatory markers distinguish from conditions closely mimicking VAP. <h3>Methods</h3> A prospective, observational cohort study carried out in two university hospital intensive care units recruiting 73 patients with clinically suspected VAP, and a semi-urban primary...
Rationale: Critically ill patients are highly susceptible to hospital-acquired infection. Neutrophil function in critical illness remains poorly understood.Objectives: To characterize and define mechanisms of peripheral blood neutrophil (PBN) dysfunction critically patients. determine whether the inflamed lung contributes additional phagocytic impairment.Methods: Prospective collection bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia age- sex-matched...
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Helicobacter pylori are stomach-dwelling bacteria that present in about 50% of the global population. Infection is asymptomatic most cases, but it has been associated with gastritis, gastric ulcers and cancer. Epidemiological evidence shows progression to cancer depends upon host pathogen factors, questions remain why phenotypes develop a minority infected people. Here, we use comparative genomics approaches understand how genetic variation amongst bacterial strains influences disease...
Hyaluronan (HA) is an important constituent of the extracellular matrix and accumulates during inflammatory lung diseases like asthma. Little known about factors that regulate HA synthesis by cells. Accordingly, we investigated effect T-helper 1 (TH1) 2 (TH2) cytokines anti-inflammatory agents fluticasone salmeterol on in human fibroblasts. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were most potent stimulators when combined, caused synergistic increases accumulation....
<h3>Background:</h3> The optimal method for diagnosing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is controversial and its effect on reported incidence uncertain. This study aimed to model the impact of using either endotracheal aspirate or bronchoalveolar lavage then test effects suggested from theoretical modelling in clinical practice. <h3>Methods:</h3> A three-part single-centre was undertaken. First, diagnostic performance were compared paired samples 53 patients with suspected VAP....
Rationale: The role of NADPH oxidase activation in pneumonia is complex because reactive oxygen species contribute to both microbial killing and regulation the acute pulmonary infiltrate. relative importance each remains poorly defined community-acquired pneumonia.Objectives: We evaluated contribution oxidase–derived pathogenesis pneumococcal pneumonia, addressing inflammatory response.Methods: Mice deficient gp91phox component phagocyte were studied after challenge.Measurements Main...
Viral infections are known to exacerbate asthma and other lung diseases in which chronic inflammatory processes implicated, but the mechanism is not well understood. The viral mimetic, polyinosine-polycytidylic acid, causes accumulation of a versican- hyaluronan-enriched extracellular matrix (ECM) by human fibroblasts with increased capacity for monocyte adhesion. fivefold increase versican retention this ECM due altered compartmentalization, decreased degradation cell layer-associated...
It is well established that toxicological evaluation of engineered nanomaterials (NMs) vital to ensure the health and safety those exposed them. Further, there a distinct need for development advanced physiologically relevant in vitro techniques NM hazard prediction due limited predictive power current models unsustainability conducting nano-safety evaluations vivo. Thus, purpose this study was develop alternative approaches assess potential NMs induce genotoxicity by secondary mechanisms....