Decision making often involves the accumulation of information over time, but acquiring typically comes at a cost. Little is known about cost incurred by animals and humans for additional from sensory variables due, instance, to attentional efforts. Through novel integration diffusion models dynamic programming, we were able estimate observations per unit time two monkeys six in reaction (RT) random-dot motion discrimination task. Surprisingly, find that neither zero nor constant features...

When a stimulus supports two distinct interpretations, perception alternates in an irregular manner between them. What causes the bistable perceptual switches remains open question. Most existing models assume that arise from slow fatiguing process, such as adaptation or synaptic depression. We develop new, attractor-based framework which alternations are induced by noise and absent without it. Our model goes beyond previous energy-based conceptualizations of bistability constructing...

The brain exhibits complex spatio-temporal patterns of activity. This phenomenon is governed by an interplay between the internal neural dynamics cortical areas and their connectivity. Uncovering this relationship has raised much interest, both for theory interpretation experimental data (e.g., fMRI recordings) using dynamical models. Here we focus on so-called inverse problem: inference network parameters in a model to reproduce empirically observed Although it received lot recovering...

Spike trains from cortical neurons show a high degree of irregularity, with coefficients variation (CV) their interspike interval (ISI) distribution close to or higher than one. It has been suggested that this irregularity might be reflection particular dynamical state the local circuit in which excitation and inhibition balance each other. In "balanced" state, mean current is below threshold, firing driven by fluctuations, resulting irregular Poisson-like spike trains. Recent data neuronal...

It is well-established that some aspects of perception and action can be understood as probabilistic inferences over underlying probability distributions. In situations, it would advantageous for the nervous system to sample interpretations from a distribution rather than commit particular interpretation. this study, we asked whether visual percepts correspond samples image interpretations, form sampling refer Bayesian sampling. To test idea, manipulated pairs sensory cues in bistable...

Abstract Adaptive behavior requires integrating prior with current information to anticipate upcoming events. Brain structures related this computation should bring relevant signals from the recent past into present. Here we report that rats can integrate most sensory information, thereby improving on a perceptual decision-making task outcome-dependent trial history. We find anticipatory in orbitofrontal cortex about choice increase over time and are even present before stimulus onset. These...

Abstract How is information distributed across large neuronal populations within a given brain area? Information may be roughly evenly populations, so that total scales linearly with the number of recorded neurons. Alternatively, neural code might highly redundant, meaning saturates. Here we investigate how sensory about direction moving visual stimulus hundreds simultaneously neurons in mouse primary cortex. We show sublinearly due to correlated noise these populations. compartmentalized...

An analytical description of the response properties simple but realistic neuron models in presence noise is still lacking. We determine completely up to second order firing statistics a single and pair leaky integrate-and-fire neurons receiving some common slowly filtered white noise. In particular, auto- cross-correlation functions output spike trains pairs cells are obtained from an improvement adiabatic approximation introduced previously by Moreno-Bote Parga [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 028102...

Diffusion models have become essential for describing the performance and statistics of reaction times in human decision making. Despite their success, it is not known how to evaluate confidence from them. I introduce a broader class consisting two partially correlated neuronal integrators with arbitrarily time-varying boundaries that allow natural description confidence. The dependence on state losing integrator, time, boundaries, correlations analytically described. marginal computed...

When an ambiguous stimulus is viewed for a prolonged time, perception alternates between the different possible interpretations of stimulus. The alternations seem haphazard, but closer inspection their dynamics reveals systematic properties in many bistable phenomena. Parametric manipulations result gradual changes fraction time given interpretation dominates perception, often over entire range zero to one. mean dominance durations competing can also vary wide ranges (from less than second...

In an uncertain and ambiguous world, effective decision making requires that subjects form maintain a belief about the correctness of their choices, process called meta-cognition. Prediction future outcomes self-monitoring are only if closely matches behavioral performance. Equality between performance is also critical for experimentalists to gain insight into subjects' by simply measuring Assuming maker holds correct model one might indeed expect should go hand in hand. Unfortunately, we...

Results of recent studies point towards a new framework for the neural bases economic choice. The principles this include idea that evaluation is limited to single option within focus attention and we accept or reject relative entire set alternatives. Rejection leads option, although it can later switch back previously rejected one. which neuron's firing rate refers determined dynamically by not stably labelled lines. Value always computed value rejection. Comparison results from explicit...

Abstract Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic drug, which has more recently emerged as rapid-acting antidepressant. When acutely administered at subanesthetic doses, ketamine causes cognitive deficits like those observed in patients with schizophrenia, including impaired working memory. Although these effects have been linked to ketamine’s action an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, it unclear how synaptic alterations translate into changes brain microcircuit function that...

The effect of a temporally correlated afferent current on the firing rate leaky integrate-and-fire neuron is studied. This characterized in terms rates, autocorrelations, and cross correlations, correlation time scale tau(c) excitatory inhibitory inputs. output nu(out) calculated Fokker-Planck formalism limit both small large compared to membrane constant tau neuron. By simulations we check analytical results, provide an interpolation valid for all tau(c), study neuron's response rapid...

During active states of the brain neurons process their afferent currents with an effective membrane time constant much shorter than its value at rest. This fact, together existence several synaptic scales, determines to which aspects input neuron responds best. Here we present a solution response leaky integrate-and-fire filters when long times are present, and predict firing rate for all values constant. We also discuss under conditions this becomes coincidence detector.

Neuronal activity in cortex is variable both spontaneously and during stimulation, it has the remarkable property that Poisson-like over broad ranges of firing rates covering from virtually zero to hundreds spikes per second. The mechanisms underlying cortical-like spiking variability such a continuum are currently unknown. We show neuronal networks endowed with probabilistic synaptic transmission, well-documented source cortex, robustly generate several orders magnitude their rate without...

Identifying the features of population responses that are relevant to amount information encoded by neuronal populations is a crucial step toward understanding coding. Statistical features, such as tuning properties, individual and shared response variability, global activity modulations, could all affect modulate behavioral performance. We show two in particular information: modulation across conditions (population signal) inverse covariability along axis (projected precision). demonstrate...

Spike correlations between neurons are ubiquitous in the cortex, but their role is not understood. Here we describe firing response of a leaky integrate-and-fire neuron (LIF) when it receives temporarily correlated input generated by presynaptic neuronal populations. Input characterized terms rates, Fano factors, correlation coefficients, and timescale driving target neuron. We show that sum spike trains cannot be well described Poisson process. In fact, total current has nontrivial...

Delivery of neurotransmitter produces on a synapse current that flows through the membrane and gets transmitted into soma neuron, where it is integrated. The decay time depends synaptic receptor's type ranges from few (e.g., AMPA receptors) to hundred milliseconds NMDA receptors). role variety timescales, several them coexisting in same at present not understood. A prime question answer which effect temporal filtering different timescales incoming spike trains neuron's response. Here, based...