In this paper, we propose a tractable and flexible model for K-tier multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) heterogeneous networks (HetNets), with the fractional frequency reuse (FFR) technique, based on spatial Poisson point process (PPP). The MIMO HetNets consist of K tiers base stations (BSs), where each tier may differ in terms transmit power, BSs' deployment density, target signal-to-interference ratio, number antennas, technique. Since experience serious cross-tier interference, FFR, as...

Although the back-pressure (BP) algorithm has been proven to be a throughput-optimal policy for traffic scheduling and routing in wireless networks, optimal control of delays BP remains an open problem, especially conventional multihop networks. To enhance delay performance, we proposed improved called sojourn-time-based (STBP) by introducing novel metric sojourn time backlog (STB). The STB considers queue length accumulated packet comprehensively. It provides more pressure push forward...

The wireless sensor network (WSN) plays a fundamentally important role in the realization of Internet Things and Industry 4.0. In this article, we study physical layer security performance large-scale ad hoc homogeneous WSN. To accurately evaluate secrecy WSN, take into account randomness interfering nodes (both terms number their respective position) based on Poisson point process our analysis. We derive novel expressions for average capacity outage probability, including effects fading,...

Introduction: Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) has been regarded as a gold standard for early diagnosis and prognosis monitoring of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in clinical practice. Owing to its low concentration blood, accurate determination cTnI often requires high sensitivity. However, current established point-of-care (POC) assays are insufficient meet clinically analytical requirements due their Methods: To this end, we highly sensitive reliable POC lateral flow strip based on...

Trains are prone to delays and deviations from train operation plans during their because of internal or external disturbances. Delays may develop into operational conflicts between adjacent trains as a result delay propagation, which disturb the arrangement plan threaten safety trains. Therefore, reliable conflict prediction results can be valuable references for dispatchers in making more efficient adjustments when occur. In contrast traditional approach that involves introducing random...

The rapid development of internet technology and artificial intelligence drives the demand for flexible sensors. Compared with vacuum solution method, fabrication sensors by pencil writing directly has advantages such as low cost, simple operation, temperature, no pollution. However, they are based on paper rely rigid fibers surface it. polymer is comfortable, portable excellent tensile properties, making it more suitable than substrates wearable devices. In this paper, pressure arrays...

This paper considers the problem of routing packets across a multi-hop wireless network while ensuring throughput optimality. One main challenges in design optimal policies is identifying appropriate and universal Lyapunov functions with negative expected drift. The few well-known literature are constructed using simple quadratic or exponential queue backlogs as such they do not use any metric closeness to destination. Consequently, these exhibit poor delay performance under many topologies...

In this letter, a novel dual-ball self-balancing robot is proposed for the first time. Different from operating principle of traditional single-ball robot, can achieve flexible variable-axis rotations though differential motions two balls, and overcome drawbacks robots such as large mass ball low dynamic response robot. The kinematics including front rear main body omni-wheels are formulated analytically, together with model. Subsequently, motion control scheme also developed by considering...

The bidirectional impeller pump is a kind of double driven by single motor, which can and drain water with pump. This design effectively overcomes the disadvantages complicated pipeline arrangement poor reliability caused multi-pump operation. In this paper, designed, realize two-way flow fluid through special channel topology, structure electromagnetic core drive component permanent magnet brushless DC motor are carried out. magnetic field numerical model established Maxwell, distribution...

To increase spatial frequency efficiency and transmit capacity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are extensively applied in modern cellular networks. Due to consisting of K-tiers random base-stations (BSs), MIMO HetNets certainly introduce cross-tier interference. For this problem, fractional reuse (FFR), as an interference management technique, can mitigate effectively the impact Recently, Poisson point process (PPP) is more used model HetNets, because...

A ballbot is a dynamically stable mobile robot that shows the capability of omnidirectionality, agility, and maneuverability on floor. This paper presents design prototype control scheme ballbot. By assuming effected noise white gaussian noise, Kalman estimator applied to estimate internal state system. To improve trajectory tracking performance ballbot, Linear Quadratic Tracking (LQT) controller designed balance transfer system taking into account presence in system, numerical simulation...

This paper is concerned with the problem of admissibility analysis Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy singular systems time-varying delay. The time-delay assumed to be available online and interval-like type. Based on delay partitioning technique free-weighting-matrix approach combined constructed parameter dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, a sufficient condition obtained such that system regular, impulse-free asymptotically stable. All conditions are number. These formulated in form Linear Matrix...

To test the same quality, but use different tests to compare, first thing is equivalent. Many selections and exams are considering inequality, so equal before comparison. In domestic, research of equating seldom, in these few studies only models had been studied — Classical Test Theory Item Response Theory. Among include Rasch Model, this article will illustrate equivalent functions detail.