Hyaline cartilage is a specialized type of connective tissue that lines many moveable joints (articular cartilage) and contributes to bone growth (growth plate cartilage). composed single cell type, the chondrocyte, which produces unique hydrated matrix resist compressive stress. Although stress has profound effects on transcriptional networks biosynthesis in chondrocytes, mechanistic relationships between strain, signal transduction, metabolism, production remain superficial. Here, we...

Fine aggregate matrix (FAM) is a phase consisting of asphalt binder, air voids, fine aggregates and fillers. It acts as primary in evaluating the damage deformation entire concrete mixtures. The simplicity, repeatability efficiency FAM testing make it very attractive specification-type approach for performance characteristics This study explores linkage between two length scales: mixture scale its corresponding scale. To that end, simple creep-recovery test was conducted both mixtures (i.e....

Abstract Given the fact that fracture is a primary distress causing pavement failure, it important to identify and characterize fracture/cracking properties of asphalt concrete mixtures include them in design processes. This study examined testing variables for reliable practical semicircular bending (SCB) test evaluate characteristics at intermediate service temperatures. An integrated experimental-statistical approach was employed by which repeatable SCB results can be achieved. Using...

The fracture resistance of a chemically stabilized base or subbase layer is important to the durability and sustainability pavement structure. Thus, an appropriate test protocol characterize bases, subbases, subgrade soils essential design materials structures. This paper proposes developed on basis semicircular bending measure (i.e., energy toughness) material. effects three variables, including specimen thickness, notch length, loading rate, properties were investigated, values for these...

Despite the detrimental effects of moisture damage in asphalt pavements, few macroscale models are capable modeling this important phenomenon. Existing have limitations accounting for irreversibility and time dependency moisture-induced damage. This study presents a model based on continuum mechanics. Adhesive cohesive phenomena modeled independently; procedure allows introduction fundamental mechanical properties each process transition between adhesive Two- three-dimensional simulations...

This paper presents a framework that combines experimental techniques and computational methods for modeling the microscopic response of asphalt mixtures subjected to various loading conditions. The basis this is capturing three-dimensional microstructure with X-ray computed tomography sequence image-processing identify components or mixture phases. then converted finite element model in which phases are represented constitutive models describe their mechanical behavior. In study, coarse...

Three-dimensional (3D) microstructural representation of asphalt concrete subjected to moisture diffusion and mechanical loading is simulated analysed. The continuum moisture–mechanical damage mechanics framework the constitutive relationship developed by authors are used in this study couple detrimental effects on complex response concrete. A 3D finite element (FE) a typical for these simulations. microstructure reconstructed from slices two-dimensional X-ray computed tomography images that...

This study presents a multiscale model that concurrently links mixture-level component properties to the structural performance of asphaltic pavements. Two scales (the global scale pavement and local mixtures) were two-way linked in framework based on thermomechanical finite-element formulation. Global systemically represented by homogeneous structure heterogeneous asphalt concrete mixture, respectively. A four-layer I-80 Nebraska was used as an example demonstrate modeling. comparison...

This paper presents a three-dimensional (3D) image-based microstructural computational modeling framework to predict the thermoviscoelastic, thermoviscoplastic, and thermoviscodamage response of asphalt concrete. X-ray computed tomography is used scan dense-graded concrete (DGA) obtain slices planar images, from which 3D microstructure reconstructed. Image processing techniques are enhance quality images in terms phase identification separation particles. divided into two phases: aggregate...

The increasing use of hardened oxidized asphalt binders in recycling materials such as recycled pavement (RAP) and shingles (RAS) has increased the need to re-refined engine oil bottoms (REOB) a agent. However, conflicting conclusions on effect REOB mixture performance have been reported literature. objective this study was characterize laboratory conventional mixtures containing modified binders. Four 12.5-mm mixtures, 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% binders, were designed meet Superpave design criteria....

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is an effective alternative to conventional inspections which are time-consuming and subjective. SHM can detect damage early reduce maintenance cost thereby help the likelihood of catastrophic structural events infrastructure such as bridges. After reviewing Damage Index Method (DIM), Iterative (IDIM) proposed improve accuracy detection. These two detection techniques compared based on structures, a simply supported beam pedestrian bridge. Compared...

This study examines the practice of using thin-lift overlays (25-mm-thick asphalt) that was implemented recently for Nebraska's highways by comparing it with state's traditional 50-mm-thick rehabilitation practice. The two overlay mixtures were acquired from actual paving projects on I-80 to conduct various laboratory tests, including dynamic modulus test, creep semicircular bending fracture and Hamburg wheel tracking test. Based material's characteristics obtained structural performance...

A nonlinear thermoviscoelastic, thermoviscoplastic, and thermo-visco damage constitutive model was developed recently to predict the response of asphalt mixtures under loading. This paper presents a systematic approach determine parameters model. The also demonstrates efficacy this through calibration validation various tests conducted on fine aggregate (FAM) full mixtures. dynamic modulus test obtain linear viscoelastic while repeated creep-recovery were performed visco elastic viscoplastic...

Microfluidics has enabled numerous applications in, for example, analytical chemistry, medical diagnostics, microelectronics, and soft robotics. In most of these applications, the geometries microchannels are fixed dimensions that (ideally) remain invariant during operation. robotics, however, contained in actuation systems inherently dynamic, specific expected to change operation, and, by extension, fluid transport properties system variable. If this characteristic is not properly...

This study modeled structural performance of bituminous pavements with inelastic deformation and fatigue damage. Two major distresses, namely rutting damage, typical were by extending the pavement analysis using nonlinear damage approach (PANDA), a recently-developed finite-element to model damage-associated performance, incorporating main features in PANDA fracture mechanics so as improve capability predicting rate-dependent localized behavior mixtures structures. More specifically,...

This paper presents a two-way linked computational multiscale model and its application to predict the mechanical behavior of bone subjected viscoelastic deformation fracture damage. The is based on continuum thermos-mechanics implemented through finite element method (FEM). Two physical length scales (the global scale local compact bone) were coupled in framework by linking homogenized object heterogeneous local-scale representative volume elements (RVEs). Multiscaling accounts for...