A5016788094- Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Plant Pathogens and Resistance
- Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Transgenic Plants and Applications
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Plant and Biological Electrophysiology Studies
- Energy Load and Power Forecasting
- Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins
- Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
- Electric Power System Optimization
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
- Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Smart Grid Energy Management
Imperial College London
2016-2025
Erzurum Technical University
2022
Sainsbury Laboratory
2009-2021
Norwich Research Park
2009-2021
University of East Anglia
2020-2021
The London College
2021
Gazi Hastanesi
2020
Gazi University
2020
Yıldız Technical University
2005-2017
Middle East Technical University
2007-2010
The genome of Phytophthora infestans, the pathogen that triggered Irish potato famine in nineteenth century, has been sequenced. It remains a devastating pathogen, with late blight destroying crops worth billions dollars each year. Blight is difficult to control, part because it adapts so quickly genetically resistant strains. Comparison two other genomes shows rapid turnover and extensive expansion specific families secreted disease effector proteins, including many genes induced during...
Both plants and animals rely on nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing (NLR) proteins to respond invading pathogens activate immune responses. An emerging concept of NLR function is that "sensor" are paired with "helper" NLRs mediate signaling. However, our fundamental knowledge sensor/helper in remains limited. In this study, we discovered a complex network which helper the NRC (NLR required for cell death) family functionally redundant but display distinct specificities...
Abstract The Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans is predicted to secrete hundreds of effector proteins. To address the challenge assigning biological functions computationally genes, we combined allele mining with high-throughput in planta expression. We developed a library 62 infection-ready P. RXLR clones, obtained using primer pairs corresponding 32 genes and assigned activities several these genes. This approach revealed that 16 examined effectors cause phenotypes when...
Pathogens use specialized secretion systems and targeting signals to translocate effector proteins inside host cells, a process that is essential for promoting disease parasitism. However, the amino acid sequences determine delivery of eukaryotic pathogen effectors remain mostly unknown. The Crinkler (CRN) oomycete plant pathogens, such as Irish potato famine organism Phytophthora infestans, are modular with predicted conserved N-terminal sequence motifs. Here, we provide direct evidence CRN...
In response to pathogen attack, plant cells secrete antimicrobial molecules at the site of infection. However, how pathogens interfere with defense-related focal secretion remains poorly known. Here we show that host-translocated RXLR-type effector protein AVRblb2 Irish potato famine Phytophthora infestans focally accumulates around haustoria, specialized infection structures form inside cells, and promotes virulence by interfering execution host defenses. significantly enhances...
Plants use autophagy to safeguard against infectious diseases. However, how plant pathogens interfere with autophagy-related processes is unknown. Here, we show that PexRD54, an effector from the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans, binds host protein ATG8CL stimulate autophagosome formation. PexRD54 depletes cargo receptor Joka2 out of complexes and interferes Joka2's positive effect on defense. Thus, a has evolved antagonize counteract defenses.
The molecular codes underpinning the functions of plant NLR immune receptors are poorly understood. We used in vitro Mu transposition to generate a random truncation library and identify minimal functional region NLRs. applied this method NRC4-a helper that with multiple sensor NLRs within Solanaceae receptor network. This revealed NRC4 N-terminal 29 amino acids sufficient induce hypersensitive cell death. is defined by consensus MADAxVSFxVxKLxxLLxxEx (MADA motif) conserved at N-termini NRC...
Accelerated gene evolution is a hallmark of pathogen adaptation following host jump. Here, we describe the biochemical basis and specialization plant effector after its colonization new host. Orthologous protease inhibitor effectors from Irish potato famine pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, sister species, mirabilis, which responsible for infection Mirabilis jalapa, are adapted to targets unique their respective plants. Amino acid polymorphisms in both inhibitors target proteases underpin...
Abstract Since the leaf apoplast is a primary habitat for many plant pathogens, apoplastic proteins are potent, ancient targets effectors secreted by pathogens. So far, however, only few effector have been identified and characterized. Here, we discovered that papain-like cysteine protease C14 new common target of EPIC1 EPIC2B, two apoplastic, cystatin-like potato (Solanum tuberosum) late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. tomato lycopersicum) typified carboxyl-terminal granulin domain....
Plant pathogens secrete effector proteins to modulate plant immunity and promote host colonization. nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) immunoreceptors recognize specific pathogen effectors directly or indirectly. Little is known about how NB-LRR of filamentous pathogens, such as Phytophthora infestans. AVR2 belongs a family 13 sequence-divergent P. infestans RXLR that are differentially recognized by members the R2 in Solanum demissum. We report putative phosphatase BSU-LIKE...
The biotrophic fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis causes the powdery mildew disease of cereals and grasses. We present first crystal structure a B. effector pathogenicity (CSEP0064/BEC1054), demonstrating it has ribonuclease (RNase)-like fold. This is part group RNase-like proteins (termed RALPHs) which comprise largest set secreted candidates within genomes. Their exceptional abundance suggests they play crucial functions during pathogenesis. show that transgenic expression RALPH...
Abstract Filamentous pathogens such as the oomycete Phytophthora infestans infect plants by developing specialized structures termed haustoria inside host cells. Haustoria are thought to enable secretion of effector proteins into plant Haustorium biogenesis, therefore, is critical for pathogen accommodation in tissue. enveloped a host-derived membrane, extrahaustorial membrane (EHM), which distinct from plasma membrane. The mechanisms underlying biogenesis EHM unknown. Remarkably, several...
A number of plant pathogenic and symbiotic microbes produce specialized cellular structures that invade host cells where they remain enveloped by host-derived membranes. The mechanisms underlying the biogenesis functions host-microbe interfaces are poorly understood. Here, we show late endocytic trafficking is diverted toward extrahaustorial membrane (EHM); a host-pathogen interface develops in invaded Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans. endosome tonoplast marker protein...
Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors are important components of plant and metazoan innate immunity that can function as individual units or pairs networks. Upon activation, NLRs form multiprotein complexes termed resistosomes inflammasomes. Although paired NLRs, such NAIP/NLRC4, hetero-complexes upon the molecular mechanisms underpinning activation especially whether they associate in resistosome hetero-complexes, is unknown. In asterid species, NLR required...
Pathogens modulate plant cell structure and function by secreting effectors into host tissues. Effectors typically associating with molecules modulating their activities. This study aimed to identify the processes targeted RXLR class of host-translocated potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. To this end, we performed an in planta protein-protein interaction screen transiently expressing P. infestans Nicotiana benthamiana leaves followed coimmunoprecipitation liquid...
Plants employ sensor-helper pairs of NLR immune receptors to recognize pathogen effectors and activate responses. Yet, the subcellular localization NLRs pre- postactivation during infection remains poorly understood. Here, we show that NRC4, from "NRC" solanaceous helper family, undergoes dynamic changes in by shuttling plant-pathogen haustorium interface established Irish potato famine Phytophthora infestans. Specifically, prior activation, NRC4 accumulates at extrahaustorial membrane...
Beyond its role in cellular homeostasis, autophagy plays anti- and promicrobial roles host-microbe interactions, both animals plants. One prominent of antimicrobial is to degrade intracellular pathogens or microbial molecules, a process termed xenophagy. Consequently, microbes evolved mechanisms hijack modulate escape elimination. Although well-described animals, the extent which xenophagy contributes plant-bacteria interactions remains unknown. Here, we provide evidence that Xanthomonas...
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an intracellular degradation process central to cellular homeostasis and defense against pathogens in eukaryotic cells. Regulation of autophagy relies on hierarchical binding cargo receptors adaptors ATG8/LC3 protein family members. Interactions with are typically facilitated by a conserved, short linear sequence, referred as the interacting motif/region (AIM/LIR), present well pathogen virulence factors targeting host machinery. Since canonical AIM/LIR sequence...
Parasites counteract host immunity by suppressing helper nucleotide binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins that function as central nodes in immune receptor networks. Understanding the mechanisms of immunosuppression can lead to strategies for bioengineering disease resistance. Here, we show a cyst nematode virulence effector binds inhibits oligomerization NLR protein NRC2 physically preventing intramolecular rearrangements required activation. An amino acid polymorphism at interface...
The NRC immune receptor network has evolved in asterid plants from a pair of linked genes into genetically dispersed and phylogenetically structured sensor helper NLR (nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing) proteins. In some species, such as the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana other Solanaceae, (NLR-REQUIRED FOR CELL DEATH) forms up to half NLRome, NRCs are scattered throughout genome gene clusters varying complexities. Here, we describe NRCX, an atypical member family...