Background. Elucidating the mechanisms of naturally acquired immunity to Plasmodium falciparum infections would be highly valuable for malaria vaccine development. Asymptomatic multiclonal have been shown predict protection from clinical in a transmission-dependent manner, but underlying this are unclear. We assessed breadth antibody responses several candidate merozoite antigens relation infecting parasite population and immunity. Methods. In cohort study Tanzania, 320 children aged 1–16...

There is extensive documentation on skeletal muscle protein depletion during the initial phase of critical illness. However, for intensive care unit (ICU) long-stayers, objective data are very limited. In this study, we examined and amino acid turnover in patients with a prolonged ICU stay. Patients (n = 20) were studied serially every 8–12 days between 10 40 their stay as long stayed ICU. Leg was assessed by measurements phenylalanine kinetics, which employed stable isotope-labeled together...

Objective: To evaluate the short‐term predictive capacity of Brøset Violence Checklist (BVC) when used by nurses in a psychiatric intensive care unit. Method: Seventy‐three patients were assessed according to BVC three times daily. Violent incidents recorded with Staff Observation Aggression Scale, revised version. An extended Cox proportional hazards model multiple events and time‐dependent covariates was estimated how highest sum last 24 h its separate items affect risk for severe violence...

Aims To study long-term sick-listed patients' self-estimated ability to return work after experiences of healthcare encounters that made them feel either respected or wronged. Methods A cross-sectional and questionnaire-based survey was used a sample patients (n=5802 respondents). The included questions about positive negative as well reactions these encounters, such 'feeling respected' wronged'. questionnaire also the effects on work. Results Among who had experienced those felt (n=3327)...

Background: The way in which patients experience encounters with healthcare professionals seems to affect care outcome, but very little is known about reactions evoked by experiences of negative encounters. Aims: To examine how perceive encounters, a special focus on and feeling wronged. Methods: A questionnaire was sent 10 042 long-term sickness absentees (response rate 58%). Attributable risk (AR) 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated regarding relations between different types staff...

<h3>Objective</h3> To determine what kappa free light chain (KFLC) metric has the highest capacity to separate healthy patients from with MS, we evaluated sensitivity, specificity, and overall diagnostic accuracy of 4 different KFLC metrics. assess usefulness in diagnostics compared metrics oligoclonal bands (OCBs), current gold standard biochemical method demonstrate intrathecal antibody production. <h3>Methods</h3> CSF plasma were collected confirmed or suspected other neurological...

Previous research shows that how patients perceive encounters with healthcare staff may affect their health and self-estimated ability to return work. The aim of the present study was explore long-term sick-listed patients' social insurance office impact these on work.A random sample (n = 10,042) received a questionnaire containing questions about experiences positive negative item lists specifying such experiences. Respondents were also asked whether made them feel respected or wronged they...

We designed this observational study to investigate the level of patients’ and doctors’ ratings patient-centred aspects primary care consultation. Questionnaire with patients doctors. Consecutive in a setting 16 doctors responding post visit. Results are presented as proportions 95% confidence intervals. 411 questionnaires, 223 from 188 doctors, covered 251 consultations. Both gave highest possible estimations on communication satisfaction less frequently when patient had other reasons for...

Background Intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) of malaria involves administration curative doses antimalarials at specified time points to vulnerable populations in endemic areas, regardless whether a subject is known be infected. The effect this new intervention on the development and maintenance protective immunity needs further understanding. We have investigated how seasonal IPT affects genetic diversity Plasmodium falciparum infections risk subsequent clinical malaria. Material...

Plasmodium falciparum's ability to invade erythrocytes is essential for its survival within the human host. Immune mechanisms that impair this are therefore expected contribute immunity against parasite. Plasma of humans who naturally exposed malaria has been shown have growth-inhibitory activity (GIA) in vitro. However, importance GIA relation protection from unclear. In a case-control study nested longitudinally followed population Tanzania, plasma samples collected at baseline 171...

Many doctors fail to practice Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) effectively, in part due insufficient training. We report on the design, fate and impact of a short learner-centered EBM train-the-trainer program aimed at all 2400 Karolinska University Hospital Sweden heels tumultuous merger, focusing particularly whether it affected doctors' knowledge, attitudes skills regarding EBM. used validated instrument before-and-after design assess Changes responses were analyzed individual level using...

Aims: Previous studies suggest that positive encounters with healthcare and social insurance staff may be important in promoting return to work among long-term sickness absentees. This study aimed identify more specifically what are for ability work. Methods: A questionnaire about different types of was sent 10,042 people Sweden on sick leave 6–8 months (58% responded). For each encounter, we estimated the marginal probability difference (PD) work, adjusting age, sex, education, sick-leave...

To compare the effects of mono-therapy with interferon-beta (IFN-beta) or glatiramer acetate (GA) IFN-beta + GA combination therapy for persons multiple sclerosis (MS).In context a longitudinal observational study at MS Centre, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 83 receiving baseline were studied. Because worsening 21 switched to 16-24 months, and 62 remained on same 24 months. Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite, cognitive function, depressed mood, relapse occurrence perceived...

With traditional techniques the thawing time for fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) is about 20-30 min. A new technology using radio waves, wave device (RTD), was applied FFP. this can substantially be reduced. The technique compared to an established method Heated Air Technology (HAT). Variables subjected assessment were temperature after and analysis of factor V (FV), VIII (FVIII), protein S.Plasma collected from 20 donors. Each donation aliquoted into two equal units approximately 250 ml. frozen...

Children in malaria endemic areas acquire immunity to severe faster than mild malaria. Only a minority of children suffers from and it is not known what determines this. The aim this study was establish how P. falciparum infections during the first years life affect risk A matched case-control nested within large birth cohort set up immunoepidemiology pneumococci on Kenyan coast. Infection patterns three-monthly blood samples admitted hospital with were compared controls age, residential...

The aim of this study was to examine if it is plausible interpret the appearance shame in a Swedish healthcare setting as reaction having one's honour wronged.Using questionnaire, we studied answers from sample long-term sick-listed patients who had experienced negative encounters (n=1628) and these 64% also felt wronged. We used feeling wronged emotional reactions such ashamed made assumption that could be associated with In statistical analyses relative risks (RRs) were computed, adjusting...

Background Previous studies have found that sickness absentees an excess risk of premature death. Most the compared with non-sickness absentees, 1 report including total population. However, no study to date has investigated in detail how death varies over time course a sick-leave spell. Methods A population-based cohort all 5.6 million people aged 16–64 years was followed up for 6 years. Hazard rates 95% CI mortality population, spells exceeding 30 days and were estimated standardised so...

Objective: To simultaneously evaluate actuarial and dynamic predictors of severe in‐patient violence among women involuntarily admitted for drug abuse. Method: All patients to special facilities involuntary treatment absconding‐prone, previously violent, abusing in Sweden were assessed with the Staff Observation Aggression Scale, revised. Actuarial data on risk factors collected considered an extended Cox proportional hazards model multiple events daily assessments Broset Violence Checklist...

Amino acid availability is a regulatory factor of protein anabolism and partly dependent on enteral amino uptake. During continuous feeding, uptake may vary considerably, but this has not been documented systematically.In pragmatic study, we investigated patients in the intensive care unit (n = 10) healthy adults 10). The time course essential concentrations arterial plasma dietary phenylalanine were recorded during 12 hours using 13C-labeled tracer.Plasma 13C-phenylalanine enrichment...

To investigate aspects of validity and reliability the Swedish version Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease (SEMCD-Swe) scale in systemic sclerosis (SSc).A forward-backward translation procedure was used. Content assessed through interviews with 11 people SSc 10 healthcare professionals. Construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, floor ceiling effects were evaluated 104 patients.The content SEMCD-Swe interpreted as satisfactory, but some adjustments made to...

Migrant physicians (MPs) who wish to practise their profession in a new country often must undergo recertification process, including licensing exam. In many cases, this is the same exam used for peers educated within country; however, pass rate of MPs usually lower. This study aimed explore results, focusing on that had participated complementary programme (CPP) with medical degree from outside European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA), and aspects may influence these.Mixed methods...

Previous studies showed that disability pensioners have a higher risk of premature death than others, but residual confounding has been suggested. The aim was to assess the degree association between pension (DP) and death.Prospective cohort study everyone aged 19-64 years, living in Sweden 31 December 2004 (n = 5 406 469), followed up through 2010. Mortality hazard rates over time were estimated for three groups; incident during 2005 from start DP (February-December 2005), prevalent...