Non-revenue water (NRW), caused by loss in distribution systems, poses a significant challenge to utilities, particularly developing nations. Addressing this issue is crucial for financial stability and operational efficiency. This research focuses on applying the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) with Hilbert transform (HT) method time-frequency analysis of transient pressure waves pipeline systems. A signal observed when there sudden change within surge or act opening closing valve. The...

The preservation of the integrity composite structures necessitates monitoring their structural health. A considerable body research has been dedicated to investigating use traditional electrical sensors for purpose collecting acoustic waves in order detect delamination. In contrast, possess several limitations. This endeavors evaluate delamination by employing an optical sensor network that relies on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor. experiment, plates were fabricated with varying sizes...

In this paper, the feasibility of using acoustic method to monitor depth penetration was investigated by determine characteristic acquired sound throughout pulse mode laser welding process. To achieve aim, signal during pulsed process on 2 mm structural carbon steel plate. During experiment, peak power and width set be varied while speed constantly at mm/s. Result from experiment revealed that pressure level linearly related energy as well for 2ms width. However, increase, show insignificant...

In a recent study, the analysis of pressure transient signals could be seen as an accurate and low-cost method for leak feature detection in water distribution systems. Transient phenomena occurs due to sudden changes fluid's propagation pipelines system caused by rapid flow fluctuation events such closing opening valves rapidly or through pump failure. this paper, feasibility Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) method/technique analysing presented discussed. HHT is way decompose signal into...

Recently, the development of online quality monitoring system based on arc sound signal has become one main interests due its ability to provide non-contact measurement. Notwithstanding, numerous unrelated-to-defect sources which influence generation are aspects that increase difficulties applying this method detect defect during welding process. This work aims reveal hidden information associates with existence irregularities and porosity weld bead from acquired by discrete wavelet...

This paper presents a study of vibrational signal analysis for bearing fault detection using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). In this study, the vibration data was acquired from three different types defect i.e. corroded, outer race and point defect. The experiments were carried out at speeds which are 10%, 50% 90% maximum motor speed. time domain measured accelerometer then transformed into frequency analyzer in order to characteristics signal. DWT utilized decomposed scale. Then, root...

The rapid advancement of the welding technology has simultaneously increased demand for online monitoring system in order to control process. Among methods that could be possibly used assess weld condition, an air-borne acoustic method grasps attention from scholars due its ability provide a simple, non-contact, and low-cost measurement system. However, it is still lack resources involving this subject attempt deeply understand emitted sound behaviour during especially when dealing with...

This paper present Acoustic Emission (AE) generated during fatigue mechanism of API5LX70 steel which was widely use as gas pipeline materials. Fully reverse (R=-1) constant amplitude test were done with four different stress amplitudes 437.5MPa, 406.25Mpa, 390.6MPa and 359.4MPa respectively. An observation from those tests shows that AE Count gives a significant value cyclic softening bauschinger effect. Crack initiation indicated by rapid increase count values at positive peak followed high...

The objective of this study is to determine the dominance effects environmental factors such as Illuminance, humidity and Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) on operators' productivity at Malaysian electronic industry. A case was carried out an components assembly factory. examined were Illuminance (lux), WBGT surrounding workstation area. Two sets representative data including illuminance, level production rate collected during study. through observations survey questionnaires while...

In studies associated with the defect in rolling element bearing, signal clustering are one of popular approach taken attempt to identify type defect. However, noise interruption major issues which affect degree effectiveness applied method. this paper, application principle component analysis (PCA) as a pre-processing method for hierarchical on frequency spectrum vibration was proposed. To achieve aim, acquired from operating bearings different condition and speed. next stage, spectrums...

Acoustic emission is a very important test among non-destructive tests, and it has been applied for the detection of failures in various types equipment petroleum industry, such as pressure vessels, tanks pipelines. In this study, effect pre-existing uniform corrosion on fatigue specimen smooth behaviour API 5L X70 steel pipeline long life range was investigated by using acoustic test. The presence specimen, produces 4 month immersion sulphuric acid, H 2 SO (concentration 0.2 ml 5000...

The objective of this study is to determine the optimum values environmental factors such as relative humidity (%) and illuminance (lux), on operators’ productivity at Malaysian automotive industry. Production parts among largest contributor economic earnings in Malaysia. dominant work involve producing part were manual assembly process. Where it definitely used a manpower capability. Thus, quality product heavily depends worker’s comfort working condition. Humidity level can give...

The paper presents the design of Interdigital Band Pass Filter (IBPF) for WLAN applications at center frequency 2.45GHz. It was designed using a 3D EM simulation tool and fabricated on substrate Ferro A6S by in-house process Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) technology. Simulated measured results were presented. pass band insertion loss filter to be −1.66dB 2.45GHz within specification, S21< −3dB. return −15.57dB which better than S11>−10dB.

Pressure transient analysis has been widely used to monitor the condition of pipelines and its assessment in water distribution systems. This is a low-cost nonintrusive technique with ability locate uncertainties (leak, pipe fitting, blockage) at greater distance from measurement point. In this research, Normalised Hilbert Huang Transform (NHHT) as method analyse pressure signal. However, difficulty selecting suitable intrinsic mode function (IMF) for advance data analysing. As an...

Pressure transient signal occurred due to sudden changes in fluid propagation filled pipelines system, which is caused by rapid pressure and flow fluctuation a such as closing opening valve rapidly. The application of Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) the method analyse utilised this research. However, has difficulty selecting suitable IMF for further post-processing, Hilbert (HT). This paper proposed implementation Integrated Kurtosis-based Algorithm z-filter Technique (I-kaz) kurtosis ratio...

Abstract Due to the fact that laser-based cleaning process is quick, efficient, and environmentally friendly, it has been utilized in a various industry, which increased number of studies pertaining this process. In addition optimization, real-time monitoring system was essential preventing overexposure laser beam cleansed surface, would result an engraving effect. This article demonstrated analysis acquired sound signal identify overexposed during cleaning. order accomplish aim work,...

Abstract Spectrometers have demonstrated their value in laser welding by facilitating the comprehension of dynamics and identification defects. However, complex interaction between beam material being welded makes it difficult for spectrometers to accurately capture depth extent weld penetration, predominantly because plasma formation during interferes. This study presents an innovative approach that integrates technology, spectrometers, advanced data analysis methods classify characterize...

Laser-based cleaning process received great attentions from various type of industries as it promotes fast, efficient and environment friendly. Due to this facts, significant numbers studies had been recorded deeply understand how the quality materials could be achieved. Apart optimization, real-time monitoring system for laser was also helpful even though not many focused on angle. This paper presents work through analysis captured sound signal during process. To achieve aim, corroded boron...

Abstract The existing technology for separating oil in water (OIW) can bring harm to the environment, particularly marine life. A new environmentally friendly technique has been proposed, involving use of milliscale air bubbles. This study was conducted determine suitable retention time injecting bubbles into OIW. significance this lies its ability separate OIW through a procedure that is safe and does not impact ecosystem or method used involved mixing palm with on volumetric hydraulic...