Mycotoxins in cereals are an economic and health problem. They mainly produced the field influenced by environmental conditions during ripening agricultural practices. The aim of this research was to evaluate effect combined agronomic techniques on fumonisins deoxynivalenol contamination maize kernels. Six experimental fields were prepared North Italy from 2005 2007. Two hybrids with different maturity times 6 combinations practices (sowing time, plant density, N fertilisation European corn...

BACKGROUND: Numerous foods are produced from maize, and grain hardness has been described to have an impact on end-use value, in particular for dry-milling performance. RESULTS: Thirty-three samples of commercial hybrids analysed test weight (TW), thousand-kernel (TKW), hard:soft endosperm ratio (H/S), milling time (MT) total energy (TME) through the Stenvert test, coarse:fine material (C/F), break force (HF) (HWF) puncture floating (FLT), kernel dimensions sphericity (S), protein (PC),...

The European corn borer (ECB) plays an important role in promoting Fusarium verticillioides infections and the consequent fumonisin contamination maize grain temperate areas. objective of this study was to evaluate whether ECB feeding activity could also affect occurrence emerging mycotoxins kernels. During 2008-10 period, natural infestation insect compared, field research, with protection infestation, which obtained by using entomological net. ears collected protected plots were free from...

Abstract Field experiments were set up from 2000 to 2002 in northwest Italy determine the effects of sowing date on susceptibility maize hybrids ear rot and mycotoxin contamination natural infection conditions. Three dates (March, April May) compared using two with different maturity classes. The ears rated for incidence severity disease symptoms at harvest harvested kernels analysed fumonisin B 1 , zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, aflatoxin ochratoxin A. last resulted higher values European...

5-n-Alkylresorcinols (AR) are bioactive compounds found in the edible parts of many cereals. Here, saturated and unsaturated homologues, including oxidized forms 5-(2'-oxo) AR their plant metabolites, were profiled by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-ion mobility separation-high-resolution mass spectrometry 18 cultivars einkorn, emmer, spelt, common wheat, tritordeum, cultivated two consecutive years under uniform agronomic conditions. The average content ranged between 672.5 ±...

Plant hormones play a crucial role in controlling plant growth and development. These groups of naturally occurring substances trigger physiological processes at very low concentrations, which mandate sensitive techniques for their quantitation. This paper describes method to quantify endogenous (±)-2-cis-4-trans-abscisic acid, indole-3-acetic indole-3-propionic indole-3-butyric acid. The combines high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array fluorescence detection single...

Mycotoxins and other fungal metabolites represent the most insidious safety risks to cereal food feed chain. Optimising agronomic practices is one of main strategies adopted minimise contents these undesirable substances in grain-based commodities. The aim this study was investigate effect combination sowing times hybrids on occurrence emerging mycotoxins maize. Field experiments were carried out 2 (early vs late) 3 maize compared 2014 2015 growing seasons. Overall, 37 produced by Fusarium...

In temperate areas, the main limitation to use of maize in food chain is its contamination by B-series fumonisins (FBs) during cultivation. Since content this group mycotoxins may be distributed unevenly after milling, aim study was compare distribution FBs fractions derived from two industrial dry-milling processes, that is, a dry-degermination (DD) system and tempering-degermination (TD) system. Grain cleaning reduces about 42%. The germ degermination processes showed similar FB kernel...

A fast clean-up method has been developed to purify maize extracts and detect moniliformin (MON) in samples from North-West Italy over a four-year period (2008-2011). The is based on the use of MycoSep® 240 Mon columns (Romer Labs®). Samples were extracted using acetonitrile/water (84:16, v/v), purified with previously described columns. liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrography (LC-MS/MS) analysis carried out by means hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), combined negative...

Rye is a secondary crop that characterized by higher tolerance to climatically less favorable conditions than other cereal species. For this reason, rye was historically used as fundamental raw material for bread production and supply of straw in northern parts Europe well mountain environments, such Alpine valleys, where locally adapted landraces have continued be cultivated over the years. In study, collected different valleys Northwest Italian Alps been selected most genetically isolated...

Twelve pigmented wheat genotypes, one tritordeum, and common were grown in three field experiments under varying nitrogen (N) fertilization rates to investigate the contributions of genotype, environment, on levels phenolic acids, anthocyanins, carotenoids antioxidant capacity grains. Soluble acids increased significantly (+16%) environment with high soil N content, while bound anthocyanins decreased (−16 −57%). affected agronomic qualitative traits but had limited effects some bioactive...

The European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis, is the principal pest of maize in Central and South Europe. It known to promote Fusarium verticillioides infection grain, a recognized producer fumonisins. Field experiments were performed 2006 2007 two sites NW Italy determine effects timing insecticide application on ECB damage, fungal ear rot fumonisin contamination under natural conditions. Different timings compared, from flowering approximately 15 days after flight peak adult ECB. At...