The application of recombinant DNA technology has resulted in many insect-resistant varieties by genetic engineering (GE). Crops expressing Cry toxins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been planted worldwide, and are an effective tool for pest control. However, one ecological concern regarding the potential effects GE plants on non-target organisms (NTOs) continually debated. In present study, we briefly summarize data development commercial use transgenic Bt varieties, elaborate...

Dark energy might interact with cold dark matter in a direct, nongravitational way. However, the usual interacting models (with constant $w$) suffer from some catastrophic difficulties. For example, $Q\propto\rho_{\rm c}$ model leads to an early-time large-scale instability, and de}$ gives rise future unphysical result for density (in case of positive coupling). In order overcome these fatal flaws, we propose this paper which interaction term is carefully designed realize that at early times...

We show that involving a sterile neutrino species in the $\Lambda$CDM+$r$ model can help relieve tension about tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ between Planck temperature data and BICEP2 B-mode polarization data. Such is called $\Lambda$CDM+$r$+$\nu_s$ this paper. Compared to model, there are two extra parameters, $N_{\rm eff}$ $m_{\nu,{\rm sterile}}^{\rm eff}$, model. be greatly relieved at cost of increase $n_s$. However, comparing with $\Lambda$CDM+$r$+$dn_s/d\ln k$ significantly reduce but...

Dark energy might directly interact with cold dark matter. However, in such a scenario, an early-time large-scale instability occurs occasionally, which may be due to the incorrect treatment for pressure perturbation of as nonadiabatic fluid. To avoid this nonphysical instability, we establish new framework correctly calculate cosmological perturbations interacting models. Inspired by well-known parametrized post-Friedmann approach, condition is replaced relationship between momentum density...

Rice (Oryza sativa L.), which is a staple food for more than half of the world's population, frequently attacked by herbivorous insects, including rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis. C. suppressalis substantially reduces yields in temperate regions Asia, but little known about how plants defend themselves against this herbivore at molecular and biochemical level.In current study, we combined next-generation RNA sequencing metabolomics techniques to investigate changes gene expression...

Dark energy can modify the dynamics of dark matter if there exists a direct interaction between them. Thus, measurement structure growth, e.g., redshift-space distortions (RSDs), provide powerful tool to constrain interacting (IDE) models. For widely studied $Q=3\ensuremath{\beta}H{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{de}}$ model, previous works showed that only very small coupling [$\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\sim}\mathcal{O}({10}^{\ensuremath{-}3})$] survive in current RSD data. However, all...

We test the models of vacuum energy interacting with cold dark matter and try to probe possible deviation from $\Lambda$CDM model using current observations. focus on two specific models, $Q=3\beta H\rho_{\Lambda}$ H\rho_c$. The data combinations come Planck 2013 data, baryon acoustic oscillations measurements, type-Ia supernovae Hubble constant measurement, redshift space distortions galaxy weak lensing data. For H\rho_c$ model, we find that it can be tightly constrained by all...

As a pollen feeder, Propylea japonica would be directly exposed to Cry proteins in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-transgenic rice fields. The effect of Cry1C- or Cry2A-containing transgenic on the fitness P. was assessed using two dietary-exposure experiments laboratory. In first experiment, larval developmental time significantly longer when fed from Bt lines rather than control but other life table parameters were not affected. second affected rapeseed pollen-based diet containing purified...

We constrain the neutrino mass in scenario of vacuum energy interacting with cold dark matter by using current cosmological observations. To avoid large-scale instability problem models, we employ parameterized post-Friedmann (PPF) approach to do calculation perturbation evolution, for $Q=\beta H\rho_{\rm c}$ and H\rho_{\Lambda}$ models. The observational data sets used this work include Planck (cosmic microwave background), BSH (baryon acoustic oscillations, type Ia supernovae, Hubble...

Plants typically release large quantities of volatiles in response to herbivory by insects. This benefits the plants by, for instance, attracting natural enemies herbivores. We show that brown planthopper (BPH) has cleverly turned this around exploiting herbivore-induced plant (HIPVs) provide safe havens its offspring. BPH females preferentially oviposit on rice already infested striped stem borer (SSB), which are avoided egg parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae , most important enemy BPH. Using...

The effects of up-regulated CircCHST15 on lung cancer remained unclear. In this study, the role in was investigated.Dual-luciferase reporter verified bioinformatics prediction that targeted miR-155-5p and miR-194-5p. correlation between PD-L1 analyzed by Pearson analysis. CCK-8 colony formation performed to determine viability proliferation cells. After (subcutaneous-xenotransplant) model established mice, T cell subtype related cytokines mouse tumor tissues were detected flow cytometry...

Normally, when different species of herbivorous arthropods feed on the same plant this leads to fitness-reducing competition. We found be for two Asia's most destructive rice pests, brown planthopper and striped stem borer. Both insects directly indirectly benefit from jointly attacking host plant. Double infestation improved quality, particularly stemborer because fully suppresses caterpillar-induced production proteinase inhibitors. It also reduced risk egg parasitism, due diminished...