A5064289599- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Mind wandering and attention
- Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Human-Automation Interaction and Safety
- Psychological and Educational Research Studies
- EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Educational Outcomes and Influences
- Memory Processes and Influences
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Child and Animal Learning Development
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Conflict Management and Negotiation
- Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Technology Assessment and Management
- Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Design Education and Practice
- Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
- Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Personal Information Management and User Behavior
- Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Georgia Institute of Technology
2019-2025
Two experiments examined how individual differences in working-memory capacity (WM) relate to proactive interference (PI) susceptibility. We tested high and low WM-span participants a PI-buildup task under single-task or dual-task ("load") conditions. In Experiment 1, finger-tapping was imposed during encoding retrieval of each list; 2, tapping required retrieval. both experiments, spans showed greater PI than did no load, but groups equivalent divided attention. Load increased only for...
The verbal fluency task requires generation of category exemplars and appears to be an example what M. Moscovitch (1995) calls a strategic test memory retrieval. Four experiments explored the role individual differences in working (WM) capacity on under various secondary load conditions. High WM participants consistently recalled more exemplars. However, conditions caused decline recall only for high participants. Low showed no effect workload exemplar generation. group effects were observed...
In 2 experiments the authors examined whether individual differences in working-memory (WM) capacity are related to attentional control. Experiment 1 tested high- and low-WM-span (high-span low-span) participants a prosaccade task, which visual cue appeared same location as subsequent to-be-identified target letter, an antisaccade opposite cued location. Span groups identified targets equally well reflecting equivalence automatic orienting. However, low-span were slower less accurate than...
Attentional control as an ability to regulate information processing during goal-directed behavior is critical many theories of human cognition and thought predict a large range everyday behaviors. However, in recent years, failures reliably assess individual differences attentional have sparked debate concerning whether control, currently conceptualized assessed, can be regarded valid psychometric construct. In this consensus paper, we summarize the current from theoretical, methodological,...
Individual differences in processing speed and executive attention have both been proposed as explanations for individual cognitive ability, particularly general fluid intelligence (Engle et al., 1999; Kail & Salthouse, 1994). Both constructs long intellectual histories scientific psychology. This article attempts to describe the historical development of these constructs, they pertain intelligence. It also aims determine degree which are theoretical competitors explaining We suggest that is...
Cognitive tasks that produce reliable and robust effects at the group level often fail to yield valid individual differences. An ongoing debate among attention researchers is whether conflict resolution mechanisms are task-specific or domain-general, lack of correlation between most measures seems favor view control not a unitary concept. We have argued use difference scores, particularly in reaction time, primary cause null conflicting results differences level, methodological issues with...
Mental speed theories of intelligence suggest that people are smarter because they faster. Weargue attention control plays an important and fundamental role in mediating the relationshipbetween basic sensory processes more complex cognitive such as fluidintelligence. One most successful paradigms for establishing a mental theory ofintelligence is inspection time task. In this paper, we examine theattention perspectives on task its relationship with Integrating experimental correlational...
The ability to sustain attention over time and the maintenance of information in working memory are highly overlapping constructs. Many tasks used measure sustained rely heavily on continuous task performance large periods time. To further understand relationship between memory, we tested whether focus a relatively short period (e.g., 12 seconds) is related cognitive abilities such as capacity control. We novel paradigm, attention-to-cue task, manipulate duration had be at cued location:...
Working memory capacity is an important psychological construct and many real-world phenomena are strongly associated with individual differences in working functioning. Although attention intertwined, several studies have recently shown that the general ability to control more predictive of human behavior than capacity. In this review, we argue researchers would therefore generally be better suited studying role rather memory-based abilities explaining performance humans. The review begins...
Intelligence is correlated with the ability to make fine sensory discriminations. Although this relationship has been known since beginning of intelligence testing, mechanisms underlying are still unknown. In two large-scale structural equation modelling studies, we investigated whether individual differences in attention control abilities can explain between discrimination and intelligence. Across replicated finding that fully mediated relationships intelligence/working memory capacity...
We present a theoretical framework and empirical data from sample of 490 U.S. Navy trainees (air traffic controllers, student naval aviators, flight officers) supporting the use attention control tests in personnel selection. Current military selection leave room for improvement when predicting individual differences work-relevant outcomes reducing adverse impact. tested whether measures control, working memory capacity, fluid intelligence improved prediction training success above beyond...
Process overlap theory provides a contemporary explanation for the positive correlations observed among cognitive ability measures, phenomenon which intelligence researchers refer to as manifold. According process theory, tasks tap domain-general executive processes well domain-specific processes, and between measures reflect degree of in that are engaged when performing tasks. In this article, we discuss points agreement disagreement attention framework with focus on control: maintain...
**The uploaded manuscript is still in preparation** In this study, we tested the relationship between visual arrays tasks and working memory capacity attention control. Specifically, whether task design (selection or non-selection demands) impacted measures constructs of Using analyses from 4 independent data sets showed that degree to which rely on selection influences they reflect domain-general
Download the three-minute tasks here: https://osf.io/7q598/. Individual differences in ability to control attention are correlated with a wide range of important outcomes, from academic achievement and job performance health behaviors emotion regulation. Nevertheless, theoretical nature as cognitive construct has been subject heated debate, spurred on by psychometric issues that have stymied efforts reliably measure attention. For theory advance, our measures must improve. We introduce three...
There is an increasing consensus among researchers that traditional attention tasks do not validly index the attentional mechanisms they are often used to assess. We recently tested and validated several existing, modified, new found accuracy-based adaptive were more reliable valid measures of control than ones, which typically rely on speeded responding and/or contrast comparisons in form difference scores (Draheim et al., 2021). With these improved measures, we fully mediated working...
There has been some controversy as to whether baseline pupil size is related individual differences in cognitive ability. Previously, we had shown that a larger was associated with higher Importantly, the correlation fluid intelligence than working memory capacity (Tsukahara et al., 2016). However, other researchers have not able replicate our findings – though they only measured and intelligence. Many of studies showing no relationship major methodological issues, namely small values down...
A hallmark of intelligent behavior is rationality—the disposition and ability to think analytically make decisions that maximize expected utility or follow the laws probability, therefore align with normative principles decision making. However, question remains as whether rationality intelligence are empirically distinct, does what cognitive mechanisms underlie individual differences in rationality. In a large sample participants (N = 331), we used latent variable analyses assess...
The last decade has seen significant progress identifying genetic and brain differences related to intelligence. However, there remain considerable gaps in our understanding of how cognitive mechanisms that underpin intelligence map onto various functions. In this article, we argue the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system is essential for biological basis We review evidence suggesting plays a central role at all levels function, from metabolic processes organization large-scale networks....
Why do some individuals learn more quickly than others, or perform better in complex cognitive tasks? In this article, we describe how differential and experimental research methods can be used to study intelligence humans non-human animals. More one hundred years ago, Spearman (1904) discovered a general factor underpinning performance across domains humans. Shortly thereafter, Thorndike (1935) positive correlations between measures the albino rat. Today, continues shed light on...
Objective: Discuss the human factors relevance of attention control (AC), a domain-general ability to regulate information processing functions in service goal-directed behavior.Background: Working memory (WM) measures appear as predictors various applied psychology studies. However, WM reflect mixture storage and controlled making it difficult interpret meaning significant WM-task relations for factors. In light new research, complex task performance may be better predicted or explained...