Cognitive tasks that produce reliable and robust effects at the group level often fail to yield valid individual differences. An ongoing debate among attention researchers is whether conflict resolution mechanisms are task-specific or domain-general, lack of correlation between most measures seems favor view control not a unitary concept. We have argued use difference scores, particularly in reaction time (RT), primary cause null conflicting results differences level, methodological issues...

Individual differences in the ability to control attention are correlated with a wide range of important outcomes, from academic achievement and job performance health behaviors emotion regulation. Nevertheless, theoretical nature as cognitive construct has been subject heated debate, spurred on by psychometric issues that have stymied efforts reliably measure attention. For theory advance, our measures must improve. We introduce three efficient, reliable, valid tests each take less than 3...

Extant literature suggests that performance on visual arrays tasks reflects limited-capacity storage of information. However, there is also evidence to suggest task individual differences in controlled processing. The purpose this study empirically evaluate the degree which are more closely related memory capacity or measures attention control. To end, we conducted new analyses a series large data sets incorporate various versions task. Based these analyses, ability effortful control may be...

Cognitive tasks that produce reliable and robust effects at the group level often fail to yield valid individual differences. An ongoing debate among attention researchers is whether conflict resolution mechanisms are task-specific or domain-general, lack of correlation between most measures seems favor view control not a unitary concept. We have argued use difference scores, particularly in reaction time, primary cause null conflicting results differences level, methodological issues with...

Mental speed theories of intelligence suggest that people are smarter because they faster. Weargue attention control plays an important and fundamental role in mediating the relationshipbetween basic sensory processes more complex cognitive such as fluidintelligence. One most successful paradigms for establishing a mental theory ofintelligence is inspection time task. In this paper, we examine theattention perspectives on task its relationship with Integrating experimental correlational...

Mental speed theories of intelligence suggest that people are smarter because they faster. We argue attention control plays an important and fundamental role in mediating the relationship between basic sensory processes more complex cognitive such as fluid intelligence. One most successful paradigms for establishing a mental theory is inspection time task. In this article, we examine perspectives on task its with Integrating experimental correlational approaches, find statistically explains...

A hallmark of intelligent behavior is rationality – the disposition and ability to think analytically make decisions that maximize expected utility or follow laws probability. However, question remains as whether intelligence are empirically distinct, does what cognitive mechanisms underlie individual differences in rationality. In a sample 331 participants, we assessed relationship between intelligence. There was common underpinning performance on some, but not all, tests. Latent factors...

The ability to sustain attention over time and the maintenance of information in working memory are highly overlapping constructs. Many tasks used measure sustained rely heavily on continuous task performance large periods time. To further understand relationship between memory, we tested whether focus a relatively short period (e.g., 12 seconds) is related cognitive abilities such as capacity control. We novel paradigm, attention-to-cue task, manipulate duration had be at cued location:...

Intelligence is correlated with the ability to make fine sensory discriminations. Although this relationship has been known since beginning of intelligence testing, mechanisms underlying are still unknown. In two large-scale structural equation modelling studies, we investigated whether individual differences in attention control abilities can explain between discrimination and intelligence. Across replicated finding that fully mediated relationships intelligence/working memory capacity...

We present a theoretical framework and empirical data from sample of 490 U.S. Navy trainees (air traffic controllers, student naval aviators, flight officers) supporting the use attention control tests in personnel selection. Current military selection leave room for improvement when predicting individual differences work-relevant outcomes reducing adverse impact. tested whether measures control, working memory capacity, fluid intelligence improved prediction training success above beyond...

Process overlap theory provides a contemporary explanation for the positive correlations observed among cognitive ability measures, phenomenon which intelligence researchers refer to as manifold. According process theory, tasks tap domain-general executive processes well domain-specific processes, and between measures reflect degree of in that are engaged when performing tasks. In this article, we discuss points agreement disagreement attention framework with focus on control: maintain...

**The uploaded manuscript is still in preparation** In this study, we tested the relationship between visual arrays tasks and working memory capacity attention control. Specifically, whether task design (selection or non-selection demands) impacted measures constructs of Using analyses from 4 independent data sets showed that degree to which rely on selection influences they reflect domain-general

Download the three-minute tasks here: https://osf.io/7q598/. Individual differences in ability to control attention are correlated with a wide range of important outcomes, from academic achievement and job performance health behaviors emotion regulation. Nevertheless, theoretical nature as cognitive construct has been subject heated debate, spurred on by psychometric issues that have stymied efforts reliably measure attention. For theory advance, our measures must improve. We introduce three...

There is an increasing consensus among researchers that traditional attention tasks do not validly index the attentional mechanisms they are often used to assess. We recently tested and validated several existing, modified, new found accuracy-based adaptive were more reliable valid measures of control than ones, which typically rely on speeded responding and/or contrast comparisons in form difference scores (Draheim et al., 2021). With these improved measures, we fully mediated working...

There has been some controversy as to whether baseline pupil size is related individual differences in cognitive ability. Previously, we had shown that a larger was associated with higher Importantly, the correlation fluid intelligence than working memory capacity (Tsukahara et al., 2016). However, other researchers have not able replicate our findings – though they only measured and intelligence. Many of studies showing no relationship major methodological issues, namely small values down...