In drinking water distribution systems (DWDS), biofilms are the predominant mode of microbial growth, with presence extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) protecting biomass from environmental and shear stresses. Biofilm formation poses a significant problem to industry as potential source bacterial contamination, including pathogens, and, in many cases, also affecting taste odor promoting corrosion pipes. This article critically reviews important research findings on biofilm growth DWDS,...

Super resolution three-dimensional imaging reveals a new picture of how bacterial cell division proteins localize to the site, including formation dynamic bead-like patterns, and explains ring constricts.

Skin and chronic wound infections caused by highly antibiotic resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are an increasing urgent health problem worldwide, particularly with sharp increases in obesity diabetes. New Zealand manuka honey has potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, been shown to inhibit the growth of MRSA strains, this have not obtainable laboratory. Combinational treatment wounds common antibiotics may offer a wide range advantages...

Chronic wounds are a major global health problem. Their management is difficult and costly, the development of antibiotic resistance by both planktonic biofilm-associated bacteria necessitates use alternative wound treatments. Honey now being revisited as an treatment due to its broad-spectrum antibacterial activity inability develop it. Many previous studies have used honeys that not well characterized, even in terms quantifying levels components present, making it build evidence base for...

Background Type II diabetes is a chronic health condition which associated with skin conditions including foot ulcers and an increased incidence of infections. The microbiome thought to play important roles in defence immune functioning. Diabetes affects the environment, this may perturb possible implications for infections wound healing. This study examines type diabetes. Methods Eight diabetic subjects were followed over time course 10 weeks, sampling from both (swabs) wounds (swabs...

Evidence suggests that some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) possess antibacterial properties with an unknown mechanism. We describe the in vitro of NSAIDs carprofen, bromfenac, and vedaprofen, show these inhibit Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III β subunit, essential interaction hub acts as a mobile tether on for many partner proteins replication repair. Crystal structures three bind to sliding clamp at common binding site required binding. Inhibition loader and/or replicative...

Treatment of chronic wounds is becoming increasingly difficult due to antibiotic resistance. Complex natural products with antimicrobial activity, such as honey, are now under the spotlight alternative treatments antibiotics. Several studies have shown honey broad-spectrum antibacterial activity at concentrations present in dressings, and resistance has not been attainable laboratory. However all honeys same few used that well defined both geographic chemical terms. Here we a range clover...

ABSTRACT Cell division in bacteria is driven by a cytoskeletal ring structure, the Z ring, composed of polymers tubulin-like protein FtsZ. Z-ring formation must be tightly regulated to ensure faithful cell division, and several mechanisms that influence positioning timing assembly have been described. Another important but as yet poorly understood aspect regulation need coordinate with growth nutrient availability. In this study, we demonstrated for first time intimately linked central...

In this era of increasing antibiotic resistance, the use alternative antimicrobials such as silver has become more widespread. Superior antimicrobial activity been provided through fabrication nanoparticles or nanosilver (NAg), which imparts cytotoxic actions distinct from those bulk silver. wake recent discoveries bacterial resistance to NAg and its rising incorporation in medical consumer goods wound dressings dietary supplements, we argue that there is an urgent need monitor prevalence...

Abstract Chronic wound treatment is becoming increasingly difficult and costly, further exacerbated when wounds become infected. Bacterial biofilms cause most chronic infections are notoriously resistant to antibiotic treatments. The need for new approaches combat polymicrobial in combined with the growing antimicrobial resistance crisis means that honey being revisited as a option due its broad-spectrum activity low propensity bacterial resistance. We assessed four well-characterised New...

We have adapted immunofluorescence microscopy for use in Bacillus subtilis and employed this procedure visualizing cell-specific gene expression at early to intermediate stages of sporulation. Sporangia were doubly stained with propidium iodide visualize the forespore mother cell nucleoids fluorescein-conjugated antibodies location beta-galactosidase produced under control sporulation RNA polymerase sigma factors E F. In confirmation extension earlier reports, we found that a lacZ fusion was...

We describe the application of immunofluorescence microscopy to visualization subcellular localization proteins involved in coat morphogenesis and chromosome packaging during process sporulation Bacillus subtilis . In confirmation extension previous findings, we show that SpolVA, which is responsible for guiding formation surface outer membrane surrounds developing spore, assembles into a shell located close or on this enveloping membrane. CotE, layer coat, second apparently larger diameter....

Precise temporal and spatial control of cell division is essential for progeny survival. The current general view that precise positioning the site at midcell in rod-shaped bacteria a result combined action Min system nucleoid (chromosome) occlusion. Both systems prevent assembly cytokinetic Z ring inappropriate places cell, restricting rings to correct midcell. Here we show bacterium Bacillus subtilis are positioned precisely complete absence both these systems, revealing existence...

Most commercially available therapeutic honey is derived from flowering Leptospermum scoparium (manuka) plants New Zealand. Australia has more than 80 species, and limited research to date found at least some produce with high non-peroxide antibacterial activity (NPA) similar Zealand manuka, suggesting may have a ready supply of medical-grade honey. The manuka largely due the presence methylglyoxal (MGO), which produced non-enzymatically dihydroxyacetone (DHA) present in nectar. aims current...

The threat of antimicrobial resistance to human health has prompted interest in complex, natural products with activity. Honey been an effective topical wound treatment throughout history, predominantly due its broad-spectrum Unlike traditional antibiotics, honey-resistant bacteria have not reported; however, honey remains underutilized the clinic part a lack understanding mechanism action. Here, we demonstrate that affects multiple processes bacteria, and this is explained by major...

We have characterized the role of penicillin‐binding protein PBP 2B in cell division Bacillus subtilis . shown that depletion results an arrest division, but this is slow, probably because relatively stable. 2B‐depleted filaments contained, at about their mid‐points, structures resembling partially formed septa, into which most, if not all, proteins had assembled. Although clearly deficient wall material, membrane invagination seemed to continue, indicating and ingrowth can be uncoupled. At...