Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects 2.8 million people worldwide. Although the cause is unknown, various risk factors might be involved. MS involves immune system attacking central nervous system's myelin sheath, leading to neuron damage. This study used a cuprizone (CPZ)-intoxicated mouse model simulate MS's demyelination/remyelination process. It evaluated molecular, histological, and behavioral effects of vanillic acid (VA), natural phenolic acid, alone with Ibudilast (IBD), clinically tested...

Human exposure to phthalates is ubiquitous and has received considerable attention due their association with adverse health outcomes, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nevertheless, earlier studies that link phthalate T2DM yielded ambiguous results. Furthermore, associate oxidative stress then are scant. In this diabetic case-control study, urine samples collected from 101 individuals aged 28-68 years Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, were analyzed determine 20 metabolites (PhMs) seven...

Background Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is the involuntary urination that occurs while asleep after an age when bladder control at night expected. It has a global incidence of 1.4%-28% among 6-12 years old children. The aim this study to show prevalence, risk factors, types provided treatment studied children in Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods A cross-sectional descriptive was carried out children, 3-12 age, from different cities Arabia, during period 20 October November 2019. Data collected...

The phenolic content of methanol and water extracts ginger fermented by Trichoderma spp. using solid-state fermentation (SSF) was evaluated compared with unfermented ginger. total in increased several times. highest detected after SSF T. viride. optimal physiological conditions for the maximum production compounds β-glucosidase activity viride were at day 7 incubation, pH 6·0, 30°C 30% moisture. greatly enhanced antioxidant potency DPPH ABTS assays. A potent antibacterial observed against...

Abstract Endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) catalysing the hydrolysis of β-1.4-glycosidic linkage cellulose molecules is an enzyme tremendous industrial importance. The present study describes a response surface methodology based predicted model to deduce set fermentation conditions for optimum growth and activity recombinant endoglucanase in E. coli BL21 (DE3). Numerous significant parameters including media composition, temperature (Celsius), pH agitation rate (rpm) were analysed systemically by...

Stimulation of remyelination is critical for the treatment multiple sclerosis (MS) to alleviate symptoms and protect myelin sheath from further damage. The current study aimed investigate possible therapeutic effects combining vitamin D3 (Vit D3) siponimod (Sipo) on enhancing modulating microglia phenotypes in cuprizone (CPZ) demyelination mouse model. was divided into two stages; (first 5 weeks) (last 4 weeks). In first weeks, 85 mice were randomly groups, control (n = 20, standard rodent...

Abstract Objective Few data exist looking at vitamin D status and bone health in school-aged boys girls from Saudi Arabia. The present study aimed to determine the extent of poor school aged 6–18 years examine if there was any difference with age, physical activity veiling concomitant effects on bone. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Jeddah, Kingdom Subjects A total 150 (7–16 years) (6–18 local schools were divided into age categories: 6–9 (elementary school); 10–12 (secondary 13–14...

A substantial loss in the 12q24.23q24.31 area has been associated with neurodevelopmental abnormalities, intellectual difficulties, and developmental delays. There are several chromosomal deletion syndromes worldwide, each its own set of features. However, rarity this presents an opportunity to expand existing knowledge on topic. Our case involved a seven-year-old girl no history consanguinity, who was discovered have 6.6 Mb region. She diagnosed refractory epilepsy, spasticity all limbs,...

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the accumulation of neurotoxic substances in brain, ultimately leading to progressive cognitive decline. The complex aetiology and involvement multiple molecular targets AD pathogenesis have made discovering effective therapeutic agents particularly challenging. Targeting proteins simultaneously with single agent may offer promising strategy address disease’s multifaceted nature. Methods:...

Strong anion exchange resin (Spectra/Gel IE 1x8) has been investigated as adsorbent for the efficient removal of Cr(VI) ions from synthetic wastewater solutions. Batch experiments were conducted with initial concentration ranging 25-300 mg/L. Different parameters influencing adsorption process such as; solution pH, and contact time investigated. Results obtained revealed that was successfully retained by resin. Equilibrium established within 30 minutes up to100 The equilibrium data fitted...

Enzyme urease plays an important role in several pathologies, such as urolithiasis, urinary catheter encrustation, hepatic encephalopathy, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancers. Its inhibition, therefore, has a major therapeutic significance. For this purpose, nine natural flavonoids 1-9 were evaluated for their inhibitory activity. Five of them (i.e. 1, 3, 7, 8, 9) showed activity with IC50 values between 14.2 – 132.9 µM. Compounds 9 potent (IC50 =19.4 ± 1.39, 0.30 17.7 0.23 μM, respectively),...

Background and Objective: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is considered as an autoimmune disease, in which both environmental genetic factors are involved.Vitamin D (Vit D) a vital hormone that plays important role immune system homeostasis, acting through vitamin receptor (VDR).Gene polymorphisms VDR were shown to be associated with diseases.The aim of this study was look for possible association between T1DM the gene at sites namely TaqI, BsmI ApaI. Materials Methods: A total 50 patients...

The goal of this study was to analyze the association between FTO rs17817449 (G>T), G protein beta3 subunit (GNB3) C825T and Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) A822G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with obesity in Saudi subjects.The subjects were divided into 2 groups according BMI: Obese (BMI> 29.9) non- obese control (BMI<24.9). Genotyping target genes determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed restriction fragment length analysis (RFLP).We demonstrated genotype TT increased...

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers leading to comorbidities and mortalities globally. The rational current study was evaluate combined epigallocatechin gallate quercetin as a potent antitumor agent commentary for therapeutic protocol. present investigated effect Gallate (EGCG) (150mg) (200mg) at different proportions on proliferation induction apoptosis in human colon cells (HCT-116). Cell growth, colonogenic, Annexin V addition cell cycle were detected...

In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of m-coumaric acid on glycosylation proteins in retinas diabetic rats. Male rats were divided into two main groups, Group I (normal control) and II (diabetic); was further four subgroups: IIa (diabetic control), IIb given orally [150 mg/kg, body weight (bw)/day]), IIc HCA [300 mg/kg bw/day]), IId insulin [10 units/kg bw/day]) as a positive control). The treatment lasted for six weeks, data obtained suggested that reduced glucose glycated...

Background: There is a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus type-2 (T2DM) and osteoporosis are problems worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between T2DM bone turnover in diabetic obese postmenopausal Saudi women.Subjects Methods: The present study included total 65 T2-DM women, (36 uncontrolled, 29 controlled) .The following serum biochemical parameters were [fasting blood glucose (FBG),total calcium (Ca), phosphorus (Pi), parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25-(OH)2Vitamin D3...

The advantages of photo polymerization methods compared to thermal techniques are: rapid cure reactions, low energy demands, solvent free requirements and room temperature use. In order form a macromer, polycaprolactone (PCL) was cross-linked via ultraviolet power with 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate. Different characterization were carried out: estimation swelling capacity, adhesive capacity (using aminated substrates), surface (by contact angle), attenuated total reflectance Fourier...

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition characterized by multiple psychological and physiological impairments in young children. According to the recent reports, 1 out of every 58 newly-born children suffering from autism. The aetiology disorder complex poorly understood, hindering adaptation targeted effective therapies. There are no well- established diagnostic biomarkers for Hence analysis symptoms pediatricians plays critical role early...

Background: Acrylamide (AA) is a carcinogenic compound that causes severe reproductive impairments and represents high environmental risk factor. Thymoquinone (TQ) has unique antioxidant activity been widely used as protective agent against various types of toxicity.&#x0D; Objective: To evaluate the effects TQ AA-induced toxicity in female rats.&#x0D; Materials Methods: In this experimental study, 40 albino rats (120-150 gr, 8-10 wk) were sorted into 4 groups, (n = 10/each), vehicle group...

Background: Studies have shown that Na+-K+ ATPase activity was altered in disrupted red blood cell membranes and this enzyme is believed to be the site of active transport Na+ K+ intact cells. The often referred as Na+- pump because it pumps out into against gradients with concomitant hydrolysis intracellular ATP.Objective: aim study find possibility using Na+-K+-ATPase a biomarker for diagnosis individuals different physiological conditions.Materials methods: determined samples collected...