A5061691603- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Historical Medical Research and Treatments
- History of Science and Medicine
- Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis
- Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy
- Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes
- Geographies of human-animal interactions
- Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods
- Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare
- Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting
- Healthcare Systems and Challenges
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Diverse Historical and Scientific Studies
- Race, Genetics, and Society
- Organic Food and Agriculture
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Medical History and Research
- Ethics in Clinical Research
- Biosensors and Analytical Detection
University College Dublin
2020-2024
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
2021-2024
Centre de Recherche Médecine, Sciences, Santé, Santé Mentale, Société
2021-2024
University of Oxford
2013-2023
Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies
2022
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
2022
Science Oxford
2022
University College London
2019-2020
Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine
2019-2020
Addenbrooke's Hospital
2019
Abstract Since their advent during the 1930s, antibiotics have not only had a dramatic impact on human medicine, but also food production. On farms, whaling and fishing fleets as well in processing plants aquaculture operations, were used to treat prevent disease, increase feed conversion, preserve food. Their rapid diffusion into nearly all areas of production was initially viewed story progress both sides Iron Curtain. However, from mid-1950s onwards, agricultural antibiotic use triggered...
Abstract The human microbiome is an important emergent area of cross, multi and transdisciplinary study. complexity this topic leads to conflicting narratives regulatory challenges. It raises questions about the benefits its commercialisation drives debates alternative models for engaging with publics, patients other potential beneficiaries. social sciences humanities have begun explore as object empirical study opportunity theoretical innovation. They can play role in facilitating...
There is an increasingly urgent need for new antibiotics, yet there a significant and persistent economic problem when it comes to developing such medicines. The stems from the perceived "market" drive commercial antibiotic development. In this article, we explore abandoning market as prerequisite successful research Once one stops trying fix model that has stopped functioning, free carry out development (R&D) in ways are more openly collaborative, mechanism been demonstrably effective R&D...
Abstract An international legal agreement governing the global antimicrobial commons would represent strongest commitment mechanism for achieving collective action on resistance (AMR). Since AMR has important similarities to climate change—both are common pool resource challenges that require massive, long-term political commitments—the first article in this special issue draws lessons from various agreements could be applicable developing a grand bargain AMR. We consider and differences...
This article uses quantitative and qualitative approaches to review 75 years of international policy reports on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Our 248 expert consultation revealed waves political attention repeated reframings AMR as a object. emerged an object policy-making during the 1990s. Until then, was primarily defined challenge human agricultural domains within Global North that could be overcome via ‘rational’ drug use selective restrictions. While growing number jointly addressed...
Chemical pollution is considered one of the nine planetary boundaries, and increasing evidence suggests that we are already operating outside this, risking irreversible environmental change.1Persson L Carney Almroth BM Collins CD et al.Outside safe space boundary for novel entities.Environ Sci Technol. 2022; 56: 1510-1521Crossref PubMed Scopus (301) Google Scholar Pharmaceutical chemicals vital components modern health care, but their contamination global waterways threatening human health,...
Antibiotics have played a significant yet ambivalent role in Western livestock husbandry. Mass introduced to agriculture boost animal production and reduce feed consumption the early 1950s, agricultural antibiotics were soon accused of selecting for bacterial resistance, causing residues enabling bad welfare. The dilemma posed by antibiotic regulation persists this day. This essay traces history British from 1953 influential 1969 Swann report. It highlights that individual experts using...
Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an urgent threat to global public health and development. Mitigating this requires substantial short-term action on key AMR priorities. While international legal agreements are the strongest mechanism for ensuring collaboration among countries, negotiating new can be a slow process. In second article in special issue, we consider whether harnessing existing offers opportunity increase collective goals short-term. We highlight ten priorities several...
Antimicrobial resistance was associated with 4·95 million deaths worldwide in 2019.1Antimicrobial Resistance CollaboratorsGlobal burden of bacterial antimicrobial 2019: a systematic analysis.Lancet. 2022; 399: 629-655Summary Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (2717) Google Scholar Although broadening access to affordable health care and sanitation are the most promising means reduce morbidity mortality resistance, novel classes antibiotics urgently needed.2Kirchhelle C Atkinson P Broom A et...
<ns4:p>The pipeline for new antibiotics is dry. Despite the creation of public/private initiatives like Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Biopharmaceutical Accelerator (Carb-X) and Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Centre, current focus on ‘push-pull’ incentives pharmaceutical industry still relies economic return. We propose a joint, internationally-funded antimicrobial development institute that would fund permanent staff to take roles previously assigned companies. This receive...
We combine methodology from history and genetics to reconstruct the biosocial of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi). show how evolutionary divergence S. was driven by rising global antibiotic use neglect typhoid outside high-income countries. Although countries pioneered 1960s precautionary regulations prevent selection for multidrug resistance, new classes, typhoid's cultural status as a supposedly ancient disease "undeveloped"...
Abstract Over eight decades of mass antimicrobial exposures have changed microbial populations and genes at a global level. This thought piece argues that adequately responding to the anthropogenic transformation commons requires reframing resistance (AMR) as pheno- genotypic signal new geological era – an Antibiocene. Thinking through multiple spatiotemporal, biological, social scales this Antibiocene opens important perspectives on long-term goals (anti)microbial stewardship, injustices...
Intestinal helminth parasites (worms) have afflicted humans throughout history and their eggs are readily detected in archaeological deposits including at locations where intestinal no longer considered endemic (e.g. the UK). Parasites provide valuable insights into historical health, sanitation, hygiene, dietary culinary practices, as well other factors. Differences prevalence of helminths over time may help us understand factors that affected rate infection these past populations. While...
While typhoid fever remains an important cause of illness in many low- and middle-income countries, insights can be learned by exploring the historical experience with industrialized countries. We used archival research to examine British American attempts control via sanitary interventions from 1840s 1940s. First, we assess how varying perceptions conflicts interest led a nonlinear evolution Oxford, United Kingdom. Our qualitative analysis shows professional rivalries tensions between...
• Cultural risk prioritization strongly influences antibiotic regulation. West German vernaculars and epistemes were residue-focussed. Hazards resulting from bacterial resistance selection neglected. Successful regulation depends on effective staging.
In early 2020, COVID-19 exposed differences in public health laboratory systems' testing abilities. Focusing on Germany, the USA and UK between 1900 this article argues that studying distinct evolution of infrastructures is critical to understanding history infection control limits template-based reforms global health. While each analysed infrastructure was shaped by a unique national context, neoliberal visions lean services declining resources led significant reform pressure from 1970s....