A5055416469- Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
- Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
- Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
- Forensic and Genetic Research
- Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
- Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- thermodynamics and calorimetric analyses
- Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History
- Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
- Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Geological formations and processes
- Crystallization and Solubility Studies
University of Cambridge
2015-2024
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
2017-2022
University of Alabama at Birmingham
2006-2016
Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research
2012
University of Alabama
2009
University of Pittsburgh
2008
Museum of London Archaeology
2007
Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center
2001-2002
Arthur B. McDonald-Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute
1997
St. Vincent's Birmingham
1995
Colonizing the roof of world Humans only settled permanently on Tibetan plateau about 3600 years ago. Chen et al. examined archaeological crop remains unearthed in northeastern Tibet, which elucidate timing agricultural settlement. Although much earlier traces humans Tibet have been dated to 20,000 ago, year-round presence at highest altitudes appears impossible until advent suitable crops, such as barley. Surprisingly, these prehistoric farming communities expanded onto same time climate...
There is general consensus that amphipathic α-helices and β sheets represent the major lipid-associating motifs of apolipoprotein (apo)B-100. In this review, we examine existing experimental computational evidence for pentapartite domain structure apoB. nomenclature presented in review (NH2-βα 1-β1-α2-β2-α3-COOH), original α1 globular (Segrest, J. P. et al. 1994. Arterioscler. Thromb. 14: 1674–1685) expanded to include residues 1–1,000 renamed βα 1 domain. This change reflects likelihood...
Today, farmers in many regions of eastern Asia sow their barley grains the spring and harvest them autumn same year (spring barley). However, when it was first domesticated southwest Asia, grown between subsequent (winter barley), to complete life cycles before summer drought. The question shifted from original winter habit flexible growing schedules is significance terms understanding its spread. This article investigates cultivation dispersed how evolved this context. We report 70 new...
Abstract Plant sources of starch have been domesticated in several parts the world. By second millennium bc various Eurasia, such starchy crops are encountered, not only around their geographical regions origin, but also at considerable distances from them. Drawing on evidence across this paper explores episode food globalization prehistory, comparable scale its impact global diets to Columbian Exchange historic times. Possible reasons for earlier discussed and situated within a broader...
Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is the principal protein of high density lipoprotein particles (HDL). ApoA-I contains a globular N-terminal domain (residues 1-43) and lipid-binding C-terminal 44-243). Here we propose detailed model for smallest discoidal HDL, consisting two apoA-I molecules wrapped beltwise around small patch bilayer containing 160 lipid molecules. The each monomer ringlike, curved, planar amphipathic alpha helix with an average 3.67 residues per turn, hydrophobic surface curved...
We have collated and reviewed published records of the genera Panicum Setaria (Poaceae), including domesticated millets miliaceum L. (broomcorn millet) italica (L.) P. Beauv. (foxtail in pre-5000 cal b.c. sites across Old World. Details these sites, which span China, central-eastern Europe Caucasus, Iran, Syria Egypt, are presented with associated calibrated radiocarbon dates. Forty-one (P. miliaceum, cf. sp., type, capillare (?) turgidum) 33 (S. italica, S. viridis, viridis/verticillata,...
Gene resequencing and association analysis present new opportunities to study the evolution of adaptive traits in crop plants. Here we apply these tools an extensive set barley accessions identify a component molecular basis flowering time adaptation, trait critical plant survival. Using association-based relate variation sequence-based polymorphisms Ppd-H1 gene, causative polymorphism (SNP48) that accounts for observed time. This also shows latitude-dependent geographical distribution,...
Abstract The aim of this paper is to show how micromorphology able furnish information with the degree precision necessary for analysing site formation processes and traces activities in a variety settings. Use large resin‐impregnated thin sections allows contextual analysis taphonomy depositional relationships between sediments artefact bioarchaeological remains. We illustrate by reference results from three‐year NERC project which examined sequences core domestic ritual contexts three...
The majority of the early crops grown in Europe had their origins south-west Asia, and were part a package domestic plants animals that introduced by first farmers. Broomcorn millet, however, offers very different narrative, being domesticated China, but present Eastern apparently as sixth millennium BC. Might this be evidence long-distance contact between east west, long before there is any other for such connections? Or existing chronology faulty some way? To resolve question, 10 grains...
Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is one of the world's oldest cultivated cereals, with several lines recent evidence indicating that it was grown in northern China from at least 10 000 cal bp. Additionally, a cluster archaeobotanical records P. dated to 7000 bp exists eastern Europe. These two centres early could either represent independent domestications or cross-continental movement this cereal would predate any other crop by some 2 millennia. Here, we analysed genetic diversity...
Abstract There is a growing body of archaeobotanical evidence for the harvesting millet in Eurasia prior to 5,000 cal. BC. Yet direct extent consumption this time period rare. This contradiction may be due crops making only minor contribution diet before In article, drawing from recent excavations North China, we present substantial human and animal diets periods, which correspond chronologically with depth record. We infer that eastern Inner Mongolia, adoption millets, or not related...
Panicum miliaceum (broomcorn millet) is a tetraploid cereal, which was among the first domesticated crops, but now minor crop despite its high water use efficiency. The ancestors of this species have not been determined; we aimed to identify likely candidates within genus, where phylogenies are poorly resolved. Nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences from P. range diploid relatives were used develop species. Chromosomal in situ hybridization with genomic as probe characterize genomes accession...
This article explores the context of long-distance translocation crops in prehistory. We draw upon contrasts isotopic signatures Southwest Asian crops, including wheat and barley – C3 plants, compared to millets C4 investigate a key region trans-Eurasian exchange, Chinese province Gansu. The results demonstrate that Gansu prior 2000 cal. bc, staples were millets. Between 1800 there was significant shift staple foods towards crops. In broader regional context, however, it would seem these...
Abstract Humans have more copies of amylase genes than other primates. It is still poorly understood, however, when the copy number expansion occurred and whether its spread was enhanced by selection. Here we assess numbers in a global sample 480 high coverage genomes find that regions flanking locus show notable depression genetic diversity both African non-African populations. Analysis variation these supports model an early selective sweep human lineage after split humans from...
Due to the great length of apolipoprotein (apo) B-100, localization lipid-associating domains in this protein has been difficult. To address question, we developed a computer program called Locate that searches amino acid sequences identify potential amphipathic alpha-helixes and beta-strands by using sets rules for helix strand termination. A series model chimeric test datasets were created tandem linking multiple proteins containing four different secondary structural motifs: motif...
Abstract Sedentism is usually regarded as a pre-condition for the development of crop husbandry in Southwest Asia and, consequently, sedentary pre-agrarian sites are an important focus research on origins agriculture. It often assumed that wild grasses were hunter-gatherers domesticated cereals early farmers, and grass exploitation may therefore have had critical role enabling sedentism. Results from analysis archaeobotanical assemblages Hallan Çemi, Demirköy, Qermez Dere M'lefaat,...