Dendritic cell specific intracellular adhesion molecule–3 (ICAM-3) grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), a C-type lectin present on the surface of dendritic cells, mediates initial interaction cells with T by binding to ICAM-3. DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR, related receptor found endothelium liver sinusoids, placental capillaries, lymph nodes, bind oligosaccharides that are envelope human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), an strongly promotes viral infection cells. Crystal structures carbohydrate-recognition...

DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR are cell-surface receptors that mediate cell-cell interactions within the immune system by binding to intercellular adhesion molecule-3. The receptor polypeptides share 77% amino acid sequence identity type II transmembrane proteins. extracellular domain of each comprises seven 23-residue tandem repeats a C-terminal C-type carbohydrate-recognition (CRD). Cross-linking, equilibrium ultracentrifugation, circular dichroism studies soluble recombinant fragments have been...

Chain of command: Multi-block glycopolymers made mannose (M, see figure), glucose, and di(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether (D) monomers were synthesized using a technique to control the polymer sequence. These highly monodisperse then tested for binding inhibition DC-SIGN, protein important HIV infection. As service our authors readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by authors. Such materials are peer reviewed may be re-organized online delivery, but not copy-edited or...

Synthesis of well-defined neoglycopolymer-protein biohybrid materials and a preliminary study focused on their ability binding mammalian lectins inducing immunological function is reported. Crucial intermediates for preparation are maleimide-terminated neoglycopolymers (M(n) = 8-30 kDa; M(w)/M(n) 1.20-1.28) presenting multiple copies mannose epitope units, obtained by combination transition-metal-mediated living radical polymerization (TMM LRP) Huisgen [2+3] cycloaddition. Bovine serum...

Abstract Gene-targeted C1q-deficient mice have been shown to develop a syndrome reminiscent of human systemic lupus erythematosus with antinuclear Abs and proliferative glomerulonephritis. Initial phenotypic analysis conducted in (129 × C57BL/6) hybrid showed that background genes were significant factor for the full expression autoimmune disease. To assess contribution phenotype, disrupted C1qa gene was backcrossed seven generations onto C57BL/6 MRL/Mp+/+ strains. These intercrossed...

Noncovalent interactions between complex carbohydrates and proteins drive many fundamental processes within biological systems, including human immunity. In this report we aimed to investigate the potential of mannose-containing glycopolymers interact with DC-SIGN ability these inhibit HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120. We used a library that are prepared via combination copper-mediated living radical polymerization azide-alkyne [3+2] Huisgen cycloaddition reaction. demonstrate relatively...

The human cell surface receptors DC-SIGN (dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-grabbing nonintegrin) and DC-SIGNR (DC-SIGN-related) bind to oligosaccharide ligands found on tissues as well pathogens including viruses, bacteria, parasites. extracellular portion of each receptor contains a membrane-distal carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) forms tetramers stabilized by an extended neck region consisting 23 amino acid repeats. Cross-linking analysis full-length expressed...

A series of cyclodextrin-based glycoconjugates, including glycoclusters and star glycopolymers, were synthesized via combination CuAAC Huisgen coupling copper-mediated living radical polymerization. These glycoconjugates showed high affinity binding to the human transmembrane lectin DC-SIGN act as inhibitors prevent HIV envelope protein gp120 at nanomolar concentrations. The block glycopolymers loading capacity hydrophobic anticancer anti-HIV drugs, indicating promising applications in...

Abstract Background Elasticity of cells is determined by their cytoskeleton. Changes in cellular function are reflected the amount cytoskeletal proteins and associated networks. Drastic examples diseases such as cancer, which altered cytoskeleton even diagnostic. This connection between mechanical properties suggests using deformability a novel inherent cell marker. Methods The optical stretcher new laser tool capable measuring deformability. A unique feature this deformation technique its...

AimsPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance (IR), obesity, and cardiovascular complications. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) a novel antiangiogenic adipokine highly expressed in obese insulin-resistant subjects. We sought to assess TSP-1 levels adipose tissue (AT) from PCOS women matched controls. The effects of metformin treatment on circulating subjects, the serum normal vitro migration angiogenesis before after treatment, ex vivo regulation AT by D-glucose were...

Abstract Microglia, central nervous system (CNS) resident phagocytic cells, persistently police the integrity of CNS tissue and respond to any kind damage or pathophysiological changes. These cells sense rapidly danger inflammatory signals by changing their cell morphology; release cytokines, chemokines, nitric oxide; MHC expression profile. We have shown previously that microglial biosynthesis complement subcomponent C1q may serve as a reliable marker activation ranging from undetectable...

Complement component C1, the complex that initiates classical pathway of complement activation, is a 790-kDa assembly formed from target-recognition subcomponent C1q and modular proteases C1r C1s. The are elongated tetramers become more compact when they bind to collagen-like domains C1q. Here, we describe series structures reveal how subcomponents associate form C1. A between C1s peptide containing C1r/C1s-binding motif shows collagen binds shallow groove via critical lysine side chain...

We report the synthesis of a nucleic acid-encoded carbohydrate library, its combinatorial self-assembly into 37 485 pairs and screen against DC-SIGN leading to identification consensus ligand motifs. A prototypical example from selected was shown have enhanced binding. dendrimer incorporating motifs inhibited gp120's binding dendritic cells with higher efficiency than mannan.

One hundred and fifty-nine embryos were analysed in conjunction with embryo transfer studies. Chromosome preparations made from small biopsy fragments of trophoblast, large portions trophoblast the inner cell mass, or entire embryo. Results obtained similar to those mass. No structural chromosomal abnormalities observed. Single triploid, diploid-triploid diploid-hexaploid 66 diploid-tetraploid found. The 41.5% incidence was relatively high, appeared be associated a donor factor. 49 biopsied...

Cryopreservation is fundamental in prolonging the viabilities of cells and tissues clinical biotechnological relevance ex vivo. Furthermore, there an increasing need to address storage at more easily accessible temperatures developing world because limited resources. Here, cryopreservation erythrocytes (red blood cells) with −20 °C using hydroxyethyl starch (HES) ice recrystallization inhibitor poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), which a biomimetic naturally occurring antifreeze (glyco)proteins...

A vast range of interfacial systems exhibit charge heterogeneities on the nanoscale. These differences in local surface density are challenging to visualize, but recent work has shown scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM) be a very promising tool spatially resolve and map topography via hopping potential sweep technique with single nanopipette probe, harmonic modulation bias applied between quasi-reference counter electrodes bulk solution, coupled lock-in detection. Although powerful,...

Significance C1 is a large complex that triggers the destruction of invading pathogens via lysis or by stimulation innate and adaptive immune processes. It composed C1q, protein with bouquet-like architecture, together tetramer assembled from two copies each serine proteases C1r C1s, which activate when C1q binds to pathogen surface. Here we describe detailed structures show how C1s interact an extensive interface encompassing N-terminal regions both proteases. Our findings reveal protease...