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Shape memory alloy (SMA) wire jackets for concrete are distinct from conventional of steel or fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) since they provide active confinement which can be easily achieved due to the shape effect SMAs. This study uses NiTiNb SMA wires 1.0 mm diameter confine cylinders with dimensions 300 × 150 (L D). The SMAs have a relatively wider temperature hysteresis than NiTi SMAs; thus, more suitable severe temperature-variation environments civil structures exposed. Steel passive...

A super-speed tube train (SSTT) system is a conceptual alternative transportation where trains could operate with practical speed as high 700 km/h in vacuum tunnel, which minimises air resistance. This paper presents the results of preliminary study involving an airtightness performance evaluation concrete structure for SSTT. formula determining flow rate movement caused by pressure difference inside and outside derived on basis Darcy's law. material test performed to measure permeability...

An analytical model is developed to evaluate airtightness, which one of the most important requirements vacuum tube transportation systems. The main objective anticipate pressure inside a closed structure, initially decreases and then rises with time owing inflow air outside. formulated by using Darcy’s law solving differential equations that consider permeability material physical configuration tube. Equations are derived for section in two cases: constant thickness another variable...

This study used prestrained NiTiNb and NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) wires to confine concrete cylinders. The recovery stress of the was measured with respect maximal prestrain wires. SMA were preelongated during manufacturing process then wrapped around cylinders 150 mm×300 mm (×L). Unconfined tested for compressive strength results compared those confined by increased ductility due confining effect. found be more effective in increasing peak dissipating energy than showed potential...

This study suggests the utilization of heat hydration concrete to activate shape memory effect (SME) alloy (SMA) wires embedded in and produce recovery residual stress on wires. method is more convenient than previous electronic resistance heating. For purpose, this prepares NiTiNb SMA that show appropriate temperature window for use hydration. Axial compressive tests cylinders confined by wire jackets are used prove valid generate The increased peak strengths much larger failure strains...

The super-speed tube transport (SSTT) system, which enables high-speed transportation in a partially vacuumed by minimizing the air resistance, is drawing attention as next-generation system. To evaluate applicability of concrete material for effect cracks on airtightness system needs to be considered. This study aims establish an analytical relationship between induced structure and airtightness. An model leakage rate through first applied differential equation, can help determine flow into...

Vacuum tube transportation system is considered to be one of the most effective alternative systems that can substitute existing aviation system.Ensuring airtightness vacuum therefore critical requirement infrastructure.This study proposes a model for performance evaluation concrete structures with cracks.Several crack models are reviewed first and simplified estimation total area established.A hypothetical describes pressure behavior inside subjected cracks due external loadings...

This paper outlines a decision framework that incorporates state-of-the-art earthquake engineering information and maker preferences into multicriteria models to support risk mitigation decisions. Seismic analysis of structure is utilized for probabilistic estimation the anticipated seismic losses, which in turn used as inputs rehabilitation structure. Three are provide insight value system interventions reduce risks: (1) an equivalent cost model, (2) multi-attribute utility theory, (3)...

The lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrode consists of an active material, a conductive additive, and binder, with the pores filled liquid electrolyte. additive compensates for intrinsic low electrical conductivity while binder enhances mechanical bonding between components. These constituents collectively form carbon domain (CBD). CBD assumes passive role in electrochemical behavior; however, it exerts adverse effects at microscale, obstructing Li-ion transport pathways reducing reaction...

Consequence-Based Engineering (CBE) is a new paradigm proposed by the Mid-America Earthquake Center (MAE) to guide evaluation and rehabilitation of building structures networks in areas low probability - high consequence earthquakes such as central region U.S. The principal objective CBE minimize consequences prescribing appropriate intervention procedures for broad range systems, consultation with key decision makers. One possible option rehabilitating unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings,...