Observational studies show breaking up prolonged sitting has beneficial associations with cardiometabolic risk markers, but intervention are required to investigate causality. We examined the acute effects on postprandial glucose and insulin levels of uninterrupted compared interrupted by brief bouts light- or moderate-intensity walking.Overweight/obese adults (n = 19), aged 45-65 years, were recruited for a randomized three-period, three-treatment crossover trial: 1) sitting; 2) seated...

In this study we evaluated the physiological and biomechanical responses of "elite-national class" (i.e., group 1; N = 9) "good-state 2; 6) cyclists while they simulated a 40 km time-trial in laboratory by cycling on an ergometer for 1 h at their highest power output. Actual road racing performance was highly correlated with average absolute during test (r -0.88; P less than 0.001). turn, output related to each cyclists' VO2 blood lactate threshold 0.93; Group not different from 2 regarding...

We have examined the regulation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in skeletal muscle during physical inactivity comparison to low‐intensity contractile ambulatory controls. From studies acutely preventing one or both hindlimbs rats, it was shown that ≈90–95 % heparin‐releasable (HR) LPL normally present rat with is lost, and thus dependent on local activity. Similarly, ≈95 differences between muscles different fibre types The robustness finding significantly decreases evident from...

This study examined the influence of both hydration and blood glucose concentration on cardiovascular drift during exercise. We first determined if prevention dehydration exercise by full fluid replacement prevents decline in stroke volume (SV) cardiac output (CO) prolonged On two occasions, 10 endurance-trained subjects cycled an ergometer a 22 degrees C room for 2 h, beginning at 70 +/- 1% maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) euhydrated state. During one trial, no (NF) was provided subject's body...

Physical inactivity is a risk factor for lipoprotein disorders and the metabolic syndrome. has powerful effect on suppressing lipase (LPL) activity in skeletal muscle, rate-limiting enzyme hydrolysis of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins. We tested ability several compounds to prevent decrease LPL. The present study minimized standing ordinary light nonexercise movements rats compare effects thermogenesis (NEAT) LPL activity. key new insight was that typically quick oxidative muscle caused...

Abstract The rapid evolution of the blockchain and distributed ledger technology associated applications will require many changes in way business is transacted how transactions are recorded. Significant R&D investments environments maturation application uses “smart contracts” other types self‐executing tools establishing frameworks for expanded use, infrastructure growth, further development. realization impact these currently changing entire processes, transforming industries,...

Significance Inactivity is a growing public health risk in industrialized societies, leading some to suggest that our bodies did not evolve be sedentary. Here, we show that, group of hunter-gatherers, time spent sedentary similar found populations. However, hunter-gatherers often postures like squatting lead higher levels muscle activity than chair sitting. Thus, human physiology likely evolved context included substantial inactivity, but increased during time, suggesting an inactivity...

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence local contractile activity on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) regulation in skeletal muscle. Short-term voluntary run training increased LPL mRNA concentration and immunoreactive mass about threefold white muscles rat hindlimb (all P < 0.01). Training also total heparin-releasable enzyme postheparin plasma ( P< 0.05). did not enhance a muscle that recruited during running (masseter). levels were already high red control rats, result...

The inactivity physiology paradigm proposes that sedentary behaviors, including sitting too much, are independent of the type physical activity delineated for health in Physical Activity Guidelines Americans. Thus, we hypothesized that, when accounting behaviors across entire day, variability amount time spent would be inter-and intra-individual engaged sustained moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA). Ninety-one healthy women, aged 40–75 years, completed a demographic questionnaire and assessment...

Excessive sitting has been associated with an elevated risk of vascular conditions, particularly venous thrombosis. Interrupting time intermittent physical activity can reduce stasis; however, impacts on other aspects thrombogenesis are less understood.To examine the effects interrupting blood coagulation and volume parameters in sedentary, middle-age, overweight/obese adults (11 men 8 women; age = 53.8 ± 4.9 yr, body mass index 31.2 4.1 kg · m(-2); mean SD).The randomized three-period,...

To compare the cumulative (3-day) effect of prolonged sitting on metabolic responses during a mixed meal tolerance test (MTT), with that is regularly interrupted brief bouts light-intensity walking. Overweight/obese adults (n=19) were recruited for randomized, 3-day, outpatient, cross-over trial involving: (1) 7-h days uninterrupted (SIT); and (2) activity breaks [BREAKS; 2-min treadmill walking (3.2 km/h) every 20 min (total: 17 breaks/day)]. On 1 3, participants underwent MTT (75 g...

The differences in gene expression among the fiber types of skeletal muscle have long fascinated scientists, but for most part, previous experiments only reported one or two genes at a time. evolving technology global mRNA analysis was employed to determine potential differential ∼3,000 mRNAs between white quad (white muscle) and red soleus (mixed female ICR mice (30–35 g). Microarray identified 49 sequences that were differentially expressed mixed muscle, including newly expressions types....

Physical inactivity and unloading lead to diverse skeletal muscle alterations. Our goal was identify the genes in whose expression is most sensitive periods of unloading/reduced physical activity that may be involved triggering initial responses before phenotypic changes are evident. The ability short activity/loading as an effective countermeasure against gene mediated by also tested. Affymetrix microarrays were used compare mRNA levels soleus under three experimental treatments ( n = 20–29...

Acute exercise, undertaken on the day before an oral fat tolerance test (OFTT), typically reduces postprandial triglycerides (TG) and increases high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). However, benefits of acute exercise may be overstated when studies do not account for compensatory changes in dietary intake. The objective this study was to determine influence with without carbohydrate (CHO) replacement, lipid metabolism. Eight recreationally active young men underwent OFTT morning...

It has recently been recommended that sedentary behavior be defined as sitting or reclining activities expending less than 1.5 metabolic equivalents (METs), which is distinct from the traditional viewpoint based on insufficient moderate-vigorous activity formal exercise. This study was designed to determine energy expenditure associated with common behaviors. Twenty-five African American adults (BMI 27.8±5.5) participated in chamber study. Participants entered morning and their basal rate...