Background.Evidence suggests that gait is influenced by higher order cognitive and cortical control mechanisms. However, less known about the functional correlates of gait.

Visual processing deficits are an integral component of schizophrenia and sensitive predictors schizophrenic decompensation in healthy adults. The primate visual system consists discrete subcortical magnocellular parvocellular pathways, which project preferentially to dorsal ventral cortical streams. Subcortical systems show differential stimulus sensitivity, while systems, turn, can be differentiated using surface potential analysis. present study examined contributions dysfunction...

Background.Attention and executive functions show strong associations with slow gait falls in seniors have been shown to be amenable cognitive remediation. However, remediation as a strategy improve mobility has not investigated.

Visual object-recognition is thought to involve activation of a distributed network cortical regions, nodes which include the lateral prefrontal cortex, so-called occipital complex (LOC), and hippocampal formation. It has been proposed that long-range oscillatory synchronization major mode coordinating such network. Here, intracranial recordings were made from three humans as they performed challenging visual task required them identify barely recognizable fragmented line-drawings common...

ABSTRACT We examined the effect of cognitive fatigue on Attention Networks Test (ANT). Participants were 228 non-demented older adults. Cognitive was operationally defined as decline in alerting, orienting, and executive attention performance over course ANT. Anchored a theoretical model implicating frontal basal ganglia circuitry core substrate fatigue, we hypothesized that would be observed only attention. Consistent with our prediction, significant but not alerting or orienting. In...

Abstract The Attention Network Test (ANT) assesses alerting, orienting, and executive attention. current study was designed to achieve three main objectives. First, we determined the reliability, effects, interactions of attention networks in a relatively large cohort non-demented older adults ( n = 184). Second, context this aged cohort, examined effect chronological age on networks. Third, blood pressure ANT performance evaluated. Results revealed high-reliability for as whole, specific...

The relationship between executive functions (EF) and gait speed is well established. However, with the exception of dual tasking, key components EF that predict differences in performance have not been determined. Therefore, current study was designed to determine whether processing speed, conflict resolution, intraindividual variability predicted variance single- dual-task conditions. Participants were 234 nondemented older adults (mean age 76.48 years; 55% women) enrolled a...

Abstract Background Effective integration of concurrent sensory information is crucial for successful locomotion. This study aimed to determine the association multisensory with mobility outcomes in aging. Methods A total 289 healthy older adults (mean age 76.67 ± 6.37 years; 53% female participants) participated a visual–somatosensory simple reaction time task. Magnitude effects was assessed using probability models, and then categorized into four classifications (superior, good, poor, or...

The ability to walk is critical for functional independence and wellbeing. pre-frontal cortex (PFC) plays a key role in cognitive control of locomotion, notably under attention-demanding conditions. Factors that influence brain responses demands however, are poorly understood. Herein, we evaluated the individual combined effects gender perceived stress on stride velocity PFC Oxygenated Hemoglobin (HbO2 ) assessed during single dual-task walking experimental paradigm included Normal Walk...

Objective: Ingestion of the nonproteinic amino acid theanine (5-N-ethylglutamine) has been shown to increase oscillatory brain activity in so-called alpha band (8-14 Hz) during resting electroencephalographic recordings humans. Independently, be a key component selective attentional processes. Here, we set out assess whether would cause modulation anticipatory deployments stimuli different sensory modalities, paradigm which robust attention effects have previously established. Methods:...

Research detailing multisensory integration (MSI) processes in aging and their association with clinically relevant outcomes is virtually non-existent. To our knowledge, the relationship between MSI balance has not been well-established aging. Given known alterations unisensory processing increasing age, aims of current study were to determine differential behavioral patterns investigate whether was significantly associated fall-risk. Seventy healthy older adults ( years; 58% female)...

Abstract Background Deficits in visual-somatosensory (VS) integration are linked to poor mobility. Given that sensory, motor, and cognitive processes rely on overlapping neural circuitry compromised dementia pre-dementia stages like mild impairment (MCI), we hypothesize will be associated with reduced VS integration, which will, turn, impact the relation between Methods A total of 345 older adults (mean age 76.88 ± 6.45 years; 52% female) participated current study. Cognitive was defined as...

Fatigue adversely impacts quality of life in old age. The relationship between subjective and objective measurements fatigue, however, is poorly understood. We examined whether fatigue moderated the expression during locomotion. Associations measures were predicted to manifest only under dual-task conditions that maximized cognitive demands. Participants 314 nondemented older adults (age = 76.8±6.7 years; % female 56). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used assess oxygenated...

Behavioral findings suggest that aging alters the involvement of cortical sensorimotor mechanisms in postural control. However, corresponding accounts underlying neural remain sparse, especially extent to which these are affected during more demanding tasks. Here, we set out elucidate correlates altered stability younger and older adults. 3D body motion tracking high-density electroencephalography (EEG) were measured while 14 young adults (mean age = 24 years, 43% women) 77 50% performed a...