The gut bacteria producing metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; e.g., acetate, propionate and butyrate), are frequently reduced in Patients with diabetes, obesity, autoimmune disorders, cancers. Hence, microbiome modulators such as probiotics may be helpful maintaining or even restoring normal composition to benefit host health. Herein, we developed a human-origin probiotic cocktail the ability modulate microbiota increase native SCFA production. Following robust protocol of...

Significance Escherichia coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections (UTI) in humans. This bacterium a major global public health concern because it becoming resistant to currently available antibiotics. Therefore, imperative develop new treatment and prevention strategies against this bacterium. However, processes that promote survival within human during UTI are not clearly understood. Here we identify E. genes naturally occurring women. Genes identified study represent...

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a leading etiological agent of bacteremia in humans. Virulence mechanisms UPEC the context urinary tract infections have been subjected to extensive research. However, understanding fitness used by during and systemic infection limited. A forward genetic screen was utilized detect transposon insertion mutants with defects colonization mouse spleens. An inoculum comprised 360,000 strain CFT073, cultured from blood patient pyelonephritis, inoculate mice...

Acinetobacter baumannii is emerging as a leading global multiple-antibiotic-resistant nosocomial pathogen. The identity of genes essential for pathogenesis in mammalian host remains largely unknown. Using transposon-directed insertion-site sequencing (TraDIS), we identified A. involved bacterial survival leukopenic mouse model bloodstream infection. Mice were inoculated with pooled transposon mutant library derived from 109,000 mutants, and TraDIS was used to map insertion sites the genomes...

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the major causative agent of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). A common virulence genotype UPEC strains responsible for UTIs yet to be defined, due large variation factors observed in strains. We hypothesized that studying functional responses patients might reveal universal features enable pathogenesis. Here we identify a transcriptional program shared by genetically diverse isolated from 14 during UTIs. Strikingly, this vivo gene...

ABSTRACT Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a major global infectious disease affecting millions of people annually. Human urinary copper (Cu) content elevated during UTI caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). UPEC upregulates the expression Cu efflux genes clinical in patients as an adaptive response to host-derived Cu. Whether mobilized urine host and its role protection against remain unresolved. To address these questions, we tested hypothesis that effector limit bacterial...

ABSTRACT The emergence and spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases carbapenemases among common bacterial pathogens are threatening our ability to treat routine hospital- community-acquired infections. With the pipeline for new antibiotics virtually empty, there is an urgent need develop novel therapeutics. Bacteria require iron establish infection, specialized pathogen-associated acquisition systems like yersiniabactin, pathogenic species in family Enterobacteriaceae , including...

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious conditions affecting people in United States and around world. Our knowledge host-pathogen interaction during UTI caused by Gram-positive bacterial uropathogens limited compared to that for Gram-negative pathogens. Here, we investigated whether copper primary copper-containing protein, ceruloplasmin, are mobilized urine naturally occurring patients. Next, probed role resistance fitness methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus...

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, an economically important disease pigs. The hfq gene in A. pleuropneumoniae, encoding RNA chaperone and posttranscriptional regulator Hfq, upregulated during infection lungs. To investigate role this vivo-induced mutant strain was constructed. defective biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces. level pgaC transcript, biosynthesis poly-β-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG), a major matrix component, lower PNAG...

In Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, which causes porcine pleuropneumonia, ilvI was identified as an in vivo-induced (ivi) gene and encodes the enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) required for branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) biosynthesis. 7 of 32 additional ivi promoters were upregulated vitro when grown chemically defined medium (CDM) lacking BCAA. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that BCAA would be found at limiting concentrations pulmonary secretions A. pleuropneumoniae...

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the second most common in humans, making it a global health priority. Nearly half of all women will experience symptomatic UTI, with uropathogenic

Abstract Copper (Cu) is a key transition metal that involved in many important biological processes cell. Cu also utilized by the immune system to hamper pathogen growth during infection. However, genome-level knowledge on mechanisms adaptation stress limited. Here, we report results of genome-wide reverse genetic screen for Cu-responsive phenotypes Escherichia coli. Our has identified novel genes E. We detected multiple biosynthesis and uptake enterobactin, siderophore high-affinity...

ABSTRACT Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide. The main causative agent UTI uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). There an immediate need for novel prophylactic and treatment strategies against because increasing incidence antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens. ABU 83972, asymptomatic bacteriuria-causing E. strain , prevents by suppressing colonization UPEC. However, nature competition growth repression UPEC 83972 unclear subject our...

Copper and superoxide are used by the phagocytes to kill bacteria. is a host effector encountered uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) during urinary tract infection in non-human primate model, humans. UPEC exposed higher levels of copper gut prior entering tract. Effects pre-exposure on bacterial killing has not been reported. We hypothesized that copper-replete E. more sensitive vitro, activated macrophages. utilized wild-type strain CFT073, its isogenic mutants lacking efflux systems,...

This study reports the release of draft genome sequences five isolates uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), isolated from patients suffering uncomplicated cystitis in 2012 Ann Arbor, Michigan. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that these strains belonged to E. phylogroups B2 and D are closely related known UPEC strains. Comparative genomic analysis more conserved proteins were shared between recent causing than those pyelonephritis. Additional comparisons identified three encode a type III...

To test the effects of dapagliflozin-induced hyperglucosuria on ascending bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI) in a mouse model.

ABSTRACT Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a major global health problem and caused predominantly by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). UTIs leading cause of prescription antimicrobial use. Incessant increase in resistance UPEC other uropathogens poses serious threat to the current treatment practices. Copper is an effector nutritional immunity that impedes growth pathogens during infection. We hypothesized copper would augment toxicity select small molecules against bacterial...

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most prevalent bacterial infections, particularly in women, children, and elderly. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) predominant etiological agent UTI. Uropathogens are directly instilled urinary bladder, bypassing lower urogenital tract, widely used murine model We assessed whether vaginal inoculation UPEC led to UTI how stages estrous cycle would impact colonization mice. Mice proestrus, estrus, metestrus, diestrus were identified by cytology...

ICP-MS/MS is used to identify trace element biomarkers for urinary tract infection. Urine Mo, Sb and V levels are statistically different UTI patients healthy volunteers.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an extremely common infectious disease. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) the predominant etiological agent of UTI. Asymptomatic bacteriuric E. (ABEC) strains successfully colonize urinary resulting in asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) and do not induce symptoms associated with Oxylipids are key signaling molecules involved inflammation. Based on distinct clinical outcomes colonization, we hypothesized that UPEC triggers production predominantly...