Iron making is the biggest single cause of global warming. The reduction iron ores with carbon generates about 7% dioxide emissions to produce ≈1.85 billion tons steel per year. This dramatic scenario fuels efforts re-invent this sector by using renewable and carbon-free reductants electricity. Here, authors show how make sustainable reducing solid oxides hydrogen released from ammonia. Ammonia an annually 180 million ton traded chemical energy carrier, established transcontinental logistics...

We report on the Congo red dye removal properties of body centred cubic and amorphous iron nanoparticles, synthesized by a facile borohydride reduction method under ambient conditions. have analyzed adsorption as function concentration, time, temperature measured capacity 1735 mg g-1 for nanoparticles. To our knowledge, this is highest value reported so far adsorption. The acquired data been evaluated applying various models kinetics thermodynamic studies. isotherm well Fourier transform...

The worldwide development of electric vehicles as well large-scale or grid-scale energy storage to compensate for the intermittent nature renewable generation has led a surge interest in battery technology. Understanding factors controlling capacity and, critically, their degradation mechanisms ensure long-term, sustainable and safe operation requires detailed knowledge microstructure chemistry, evolution under operating conditions, on nanoscale. Atom probe tomography (APT) provides...

Halide perovskites have attracted recent attention as thermoelectric materials due to their low thermal conductivity combined with good charge transport characteristics. The tin halide hold the highest

Photoelectrochemical water splitting is a promising route to produce hydrogen from solar energy. However, corrosion of photoelectrodes remains fundamental challenge for their implementation. Here, we reveal different dissolution behaviors BiVO4 photoanode in pH-buffered borate, phosphate, and citrate (hole-scavenger) electrolytes, studied operando employing an illuminated scanning flow cell. We demonstrate that decrease photocurrents alone does not reflect the degradation photoelectrodes....

The incorporation of impurities during the chemical synthesis nanomaterials is usually uncontrolled and rarely reported because formidable challenge in measuring trace amounts often light elements with sub-nanometer spatial resolution. And yet, these foreign (introduced by doping, for example) influence functional properties. We demonstrate how hydrothermal growth a partial reduction reaction on hollow TiO2 nanowires leads to introduction parts per millions boron, sodium, nitrogen. This...

We propose a protocol for near-atomic–scale analysis of frozen water and embedded nanostructures by cryo–atom probe tomography.

Repeatable and reliable site-specific preparation of specimens for atom probe tomography (APT) at cryogenic temperatures has proven challenging. A generalized workflow is required specimen including lift-out via focused ion beam in situ deposition capping layers, to strengthen that will be exposed high electric field stresses during evaporation APT protect them from environment transfer into the probe. Here, we build on existing protocols showcase analysis a variety metals, oxides, supported...

Abstract Gas–solid reactions are important for many redox processes that underpin the energy and sustainability transition. The specific case of hydrogen‐based iron oxide reduction is foundation to render global steel industry fossil‐free, an essential target as production largest single industrial emitter carbon dioxide. This perception gas–solid has not only been limited by availability state‐of‐the‐art techniques which can delve into structure chemistry reacted solids, but one continues...

Multiple light scattering hampers imaging objects in complex media. Approaches used real practices mainly aim to filter out multiple obscuring the ballistic waves that travel straight through medium. Here, we propose a method makes deterministic use of for microscopic an object embedded deep within The proposed finds stack phase plates generate similar trajectories as original By implementing inverse using identified plates, our rectifies and amplifies by almost 600 times. This leads...

When solid-state redox-driven phase transformations are associated with mass loss, vacancies produced that develop into pores. These pores can influence the kinetics of certain redox and transformation steps. We investigated structural chemical mechanisms in at a combined experimental-theoretical study, using reduction iron oxide by hydrogen as model system. The product (water) accumulates inside shifts local equilibrium already reduced material back toward reoxidation cubic Fe_{1-x}O (where...

Atom probe tomography requires needle-shaped specimens with a diameter typically below 100 nm, making them both very fragile and reactive, defects (notches at grain boundaries or precipitates) are known to affect the yield data quality. The use of conformal coating directly on sharpened specimen has been proposed increase reduce background. However, date, these coatings have applied ex situ mostly not uniform. Here, we report controlled focused-ion beam in deposition thin metal film...

Abstract Field evaporation from ionic or covalently bonded materials often leads to the emission of molecular ions. The metastability these ions, particularly under influence intense electrostatic field (10 10 Vm −1 ), makes them prone dissociation with without an exchange energy amongst them. These processes can affect analytical performance atom probe tomography (APT). For instance, neutral molecules formed through may not be detected at all a time flight no longer related their mass,...

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) nanosheet is a two-dimensional (2D) material with high electron mobility and potential for applications in catalysis electronics. MoS2 nanosheets are synthesized using one-pot wet-chemical synthesis route without Re doping. Atom probe tomography reveals that 3.8 at% homogeneously distributed within the Re-doped sheets. Other impurities also found integrated material: light elements including C, N, O, Na, locally enriched up to 0.1 at%, as well heavy such V W....

Numerous metallurgical and materials science applications depend on quantitative atomic-scale characterizations of environmentally-sensitive their transient states. Studying the effect upon subjected to thermochemical treatments in specific gaseous atmospheres is central importance for specifically studying a material's resistance certain oxidative or hydrogen environments. It also important investigating catalytic materials, direct reduction an oxide, particular surface reactions...

Fuel cells recombine water from H2 and O2 thereby can power, for example, cars or houses with no direct carbon emission. In anion-exchange membrane fuel (AEMFCs), to reach high power densities, operating at pH is an alternative using large volumes of noble metals catalysts the cathode, where oxygen-reduction reaction occurs. However, sluggish kinetics hydrogen-oxidation (HOR) hinders upscaling despite promising catalysts. Here, authors observe unexpected ingress B into Pd nanocatalysts...

Herein, we introduce a ZnO–Li3TaO4 composite coating designed to stabilize single-crystalline LiNi0.95Co0.03Mn0.015Al0.005O2 (sNCMA) in ASSBs with Li6PS5Cl. This dual-function establishes Ta-rich surface layer and Zn-doped near-surface regions, as verified by detailed analyses, including atom probe tomography transmission electron microscopy. The ZnO-Li3TaO4 markedly enhances both interfacial structural stabilities, showcasing an exceptional performance sNCMA|Li6PS5Cl|(Li–In) cells at 30 °C...

Capping ligands are crucial to synthesizing colloidal nanoparticles with functional properties. However, the synergistic effect between different and their distribution on crystallographic surfaces of during synthesis is still unclear despite powerful spectroscopic techniques, due a lack direct imaging techniques. In this study, atom probe tomography adopted investigate three-dimensional atomic-scale two most common types these ligands, cetrimonium (C

Abstract Atom probe tomography (APT) analysis is being actively used to provide near-atomic-scale information on the composition of complex materials in three-dimensions. In recent years, there has been a surge interest technique investigate distribution hydrogen metals. However, presence almost all specimens from nearly material systems caused numerous debates as its origins and impact quantitativeness measurement. It often perceived that most H arises residual gas ionization, therefore...

To advance the understanding of degradation liquid electrolyte and Si electrode, their interface, we exploit latest developments in cryo-atom probe tomography. We evidence anode corrosion from decomposition Li salt before charge–discharge cycles even begin. Volume shrinkage during delithiation leads to development nanograins recrystallization regions left amorphous by lithiation. The newly created grain boundaries facilitate pulverization nanoscale fragments, one is found floating...

Abstract Bimetallic nanoparticles are often superior candidates for a wide range of technological and biomedical applications owing to their enhanced catalytic, optical, magnetic properties, which better than monometallic counterparts. Most properties strongly depend on chemical composition, crystallographic structure, phase distribution. However, little is known how crystal the nanoscale, transforms over time at elevated temperatures, even though this knowledge highly relevant in case used...

Metal nanogels combine a large surface area, high structural stability, and catalytic activity toward variety of chemical reactions. Their performance is underpinned by the atomic-level distribution their constituents, yet analyzing subnanoscale structure composition to guide property optimization remains extremely challenging. Here, we synthesized Pd using conventional wet chemistry route, near-atomic-scale analysis reveals that impurities from reactants (Na K) are integrated into grain...