Thomas R. Preston
A5040134454- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques
- X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis
- Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research
- Crystallography and Radiation Phenomena
- Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
- Laser Material Processing Techniques
- Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics
- Dust and Plasma Wave Phenomena
- Ion-surface interactions and analysis
- Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- Agricultural and Food Production Studies
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Agriculture and Rural Development Research
- Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
- Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
- Agricultural Systems and Practices
European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser
2019-2025
McGill University
2025
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
2024
Carnegie Institution for Science
2023
University of Rostock
2023
Sorbonne Université
2023
SPring-8
2023
Los Alamos National Laboratory
2023
Soka University
2023
Osaka University
2023
Matter at extreme temperatures and pressures -- commonly known as warm dense matter (WDM) in the literature is ubiquitous throughout our Universe occurs a number of astrophysical objects such giant planet interiors brown dwarfs. Moreover, WDM very important for technological applications inertial confinement fusion, realized laboratory using different techniques. A particularly property understanding given by its electronic density response to an external perturbation. Such properties are...
Abstract The effect of a dense plasma environment on the energy levels an embedded ion is usually described in terms lowering its continuum level. For strongly coupled plasmas, phenomenon intimately related to equation state; hence, accurate treatment crucial for most astrophysical and inertial-fusion applications, where case mixtures particular interest. Here we present experiment showing that standard density-dependent analytical models are inadequate describe solid-density plasmas at...
The European XFEL delivers up to 27000 intense (>10 12 photons) pulses per second, of ultrashort (≤50 fs) and transversely coherent X-ray radiation, at a maximum repetition rate 4.5 MHz. Its unique beam parameters enable groundbreaking experiments in matter extreme conditions the High Energy Density (HED) scientific instrument. performance HED instrument during its first two years operation, remit, as well ongoing installations towards full operation are presented. Scientific goals...
The experimental investigation of matter under extreme densities and temperatures, as in astrophysical objects nuclear fusion applications, constitutes one the most active frontiers at interface material science, plasma physics, engineering. central obstacle is given by rigorous interpretation results, even diagnosis basic parameters like temperature T rendered difficult these conditions. Here, we present a simple, approximation-free method to extract arbitrarily complex materials thermal...
The accurate interpretation of experiments with matter at extreme densities and pressures is a notoriously difficult challenge. In recent work [Dornheim et al., Nat. Commun. 13, 7911 (2022)], we have introduced formally exact methodology that allows extracting the temperature arbitrary complex materials without any model assumptions or simulations. Here, provide more detailed introduction to this approach analyze impact experimental noise on extracted temperatures. particular, extensively...
Experiments creating extreme states of matter almost invariably create non-equilibrium states. These are very interesting in their own right but need to be understood even if the ultimate goal is probe high-pressure or high-temperature equilibrium properties like equation state. Here, we report on capabilities newly developed imaginary time correlation function (ITCF) technique [1] detect and quantify pump-probe experiments fielding resolved x-ray scattering diagnostics. We find a high...
Using an ultrahigh resolution (<a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><a:mrow><a:mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</a:mi><a:mi>E</a:mi><a:mo>∼</a:mo><a:mn>0.1</a:mn><a:mspace width="0.16em"/><a:mi>eV</a:mi></a:mrow></a:math>) setup to measure electronic features in x-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) experiments at the European XFEL Germany, we have studied collective plasmon excitation aluminium ambient conditions, which can very accurately even low momentum transfers. As a result,...
Warm dense matter plays an important role in astrophysical objects and technological applications, but the rigorous diagnostics of corresponding experiments is notoriously difficult. In this work, we present a model-free analysis x-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) measurements on isochorically heated graphite obtained at Linac Coherent Light Source multiple angles. We demonstrate that recent imaginary-time thermometry technique works for data have been measured both forward backward geometry....
The rate at which atoms and ions within a plasma are further ionized by collisions with the free electrons is fundamental parameter that dictates dynamics of systems intermediate high densities. While collision rates well known experimentally in few dilute systems, similar measurements for nonideal plasmas densities approaching or exceeding those solids remain elusive. Here we describe spectroscopic method to study solid-density aluminium created diagnosed using Linac Coherent light Source...
Advancements have been made in the diagnostic techniques to measure accurately total radiated x-ray yield and power from z-pinch implosion experiments at Z machine with high accuracy. The is capable of outputting 2 MJ 330 TW power, measuring these quantities imperative. We will describe work over past several years which include development new diagnostics, improvements existing implementation automated data analysis routines. A set on were conducted load configuration held constant. During...
An experimental platform for dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC) research has been developed at the High Energy Density (HED) Instrument European X-ray Free Electron Laser (European XFEL). Advantage was taken of high repetition rate XFEL (up to 4.5 MHz) collect pulse-resolved MHz diffraction data from samples as they are dynamically compressed intermediate strain rates (≤10 3 s −1 ), where up 352 images can be collected a single pulse train. The set-up employs piezo-driven dDACs capable...
X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) sources coupled to high-power systems offer an avenue study the structural dynamics of materials at extreme pressures and temperatures. The recent commissioning DiPOLE 100-X on high energy density (HED) instrument European XFEL represents state-of-the-art in combining x-ray diffraction with compression, allowing for compressed be probed unprecedented detail. Here, we report quantitative measurements molten Sn 85(5) GPa ∼3500 K. capabilities HED enable liquid...
Electron-ion collisional dynamics is of fundamental importance in determining plasma transport properties, nonequilibrium evolution, and electron damage diffraction imaging applications using bright x-ray free-electron lasers (FELs). Here we describe the first experimental measurements ultrafast impact ionization resonant core-hole spectroscopy a solid-density magnesium plasma, created diagnosed with Linac Coherent Light Source FEL. By resonantly pumping 1s→2p transition highly charged ions...
Abstract We present a method to determine the bulk temperature of single crystal diamond sample at an X-Ray free electron laser using inelastic X-ray scattering. The experiment was performed high energy density instrument European XFEL GmbH, Germany. technique, based on scattering and principle detailed balance, demonstrated give accurate measurements, within $$8\%$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> <mml:mo>%</mml:mo> </mml:mrow>...
(1898). XXXVI. Radiation phenomena in the magnetic field. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine Journal of Science: Vol. 45, No. 275, pp. 325-339.
Mosaic crystals, with their high integrated reflectivities, are widely employed in spectrometers used to diagnose energy density systems. X-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) has emerged as a powerful diagnostic tool of these systems, providing principle direct access important properties such the temperature via detailed balance. However, measured XRTS spectrum is broadened by spectrometer instrument function (IF), and without careful consideration IF one risks misdiagnosing system conditions....
We introduce a setup to measure high-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering at the High Energy Density scientific instrument European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL). The uses Si (533) reflection in channel-cut monochromator and three spherical diced analyzer crystals near-backscattering geometry reach high spectral resolution. An energy resolution of 44 meV is demonstrated for experimental setup, close theoretically achievable minimum detector are mounted on curved-rail system, allowing...
We present 50-fs, single-shot measurements of the x-ray thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) from copper foils that have been shocked via nanosecond laser-ablation up to pressures above 135~GPa. hence deduce Debye-Waller (DW) factor, providing a temperature measurement. The targets were laser-shocked with DiPOLE 100-X laser at High Energy Density (HED) endstation European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (EuXFEL). Single pulses, photon energy 18 keV, scattered samples and recorded on Varex detectors....
In atoms undergoing ionisation, an abrupt re-arrangement of free and bound electrons can lead to the ejection another electron (shake-off). The spectroscopic signatures shake-off have been predicted observed in solids. Here, we present first observation this process a solid-density plasma heated by x-ray laser. results show that L-shell persists up temperatures 10 eV at solid density, follow probability for This work shows should be included models correct interpretation emission spectra.
We report on results from an experiment at the European XFEL where we measured x-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) spectrum of single crystal silicon with ultrahigh resolution. Compared to similar previous experiments, consider a more complex setup, in which vector changes orientation through lattice. In doing so, are able observe strong geometric dependencies inelastic low angles. Furthermore, high quality experimental data allows us benchmark state-of-the-art TDDFT calculations, and...
Ab initio modeling of dynamic structure factors (DSF) and related density response properties in the warm dense matter (WDM) regime is a challenging computational task. The DSF, convolved with probing X-ray beam instrument function, measured Thomson scattering (XRTS) experiments, which allows for study electronic at microscopic level. Among various ab methods, linear time-dependent functional theory (LR-TDDFT) key framework simulating DSF. standard approach LR-TDDFT computing DSF relies on...
Abstract We report on results from an experiment at the European XFEL where we measured x-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) spectrum of single crystal silicon with ultrahigh resolution. Compared to similar previous experiments, consider a more complex setup, in which vector changes orientation through lattice. In doing so, are able observe strong geometric dependencies inelastic low angles. Furthermore, high quality experimental data allows us benchmark state-of-the-art TDDFT calculations, and...