Populations of digestive microflora in chickens change with age and are affected by diet, stressors, performance enhancers. Culturing techniques used to profile a bacterial community inadvertently select for some organisms while excluding others. Several molecular-based have been mixed microbial populations on the basis DNA extracted from entire community. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was present study examine PCR-amplified fragments (amplicons) 16S ribosomal variable region...

Clostridium perfringens (CP) is the etiologic agent of necrotic enteritis (NE). Clinical signs this disease include depression, decreased appetite, diarrhea, and severe necrosis intestinal tract. Understanding progression NE has been difficult due to its complexity involvement multiple factors (dietary components, immunosuppression, mechanical irritation gut) that appear contribute syndrome. In present investigation, day-of-hatch broilers were fed a 55% wheat diet randomly assigned 1 8...

Houseflies (Musca domestica) released into rooms containing hens challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis) rapidly became contaminated Enteritidis. Forty to 50% of the flies were at 48 h, and percentage increased 50 70% 4 7 days postexposure then decreased 30% day 15. Initial attempts recovering surface organisms for culture using an aqueous rinse largely unsuccessful, while cultures internal contents readily recovered However, when 0.5% detergent was...

The standard method for molting to stimulate multiple egg-laying cycles in laying hens is feed deprivation. However, the physiological changes within caused by deprivation increase susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) infection. In an effort develop alternative induce without increasing SE, alfalfa diet was compared with level ovary regression and SE colonization. Hens over 50 wk age were divided into 3 treatment groups (12 hens/group): nonmolting normal feeding...

Nitrogen assimilation in crabgrass Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., was studied by comparing leaf extracts with isolated mesophyll cell and bundle sheath strand extracts. The results show that both nitrate reductase are localized cells; glutamine synthetase is nearly equally distributed the sheath; approximately 67% of glutamate synthase activity 33% mesophyll; 80% dehydrogenase sheath, NADH-dependent form exhibiting a 2.5-fold higher than NADPH-dependent form.Isolated cells reduce NO(2)...

The crop is a known source of Salmonella and Campylobacter contamination. Previously, we evaluated lactic acid in the drinking water during simulated pretransport feed withdrawal (FW) reported 0.44% significantly (P < 0.05) reduced number recovered market-age broiler crops. However, total consumption organic acid-treated was reduced. Presently, effect experimental chlorate product (ECP; 1x ECP equivalent to 15 mM ion concentration) 10-h FW. Market-age broilers were obtained from commercial...

Development of molecular-based immunotherapeutic strategies for controlling Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) infection in poultry requires a better understanding intestinal and cecal cytokine responses. Accordingly, an experiment was conducted to measure changes expression when commercial source broiler chickens were challenged with nalidixic acid-resistant ST. Ross chicks nonchallenged ST (control treatment) or by orally giving 7.8 x 10(6) cfu at 4 d age (STC treatment). Each treatment consisted...

Feed deprivation is commonly used by the poultry industry to induce molting and stimulate multiple egg-laying cycles. However, feed has been observed experimentally increase susceptibility of Salmonella infections. Previous studies indicated that alfalfa was efficacious in reducing Salmonella; present investigation designed evaluate efficacy combined layer diets on colonization. Leghorn hens over 50 wk age were divided into 12 groups placed individual laying cages. One week prior dietary...

Feed deprivation is the most common method used to induce molting and stimulate multiple egg-laying cycles in laying hens for commercial egg production. Unfortunately, an increased risk of Salmonella enteritidis (SE) colonization may result from use this method. Methods without increasing SE are needed. In each 3 experiments, over 50 wk age were divided into groups 12 placed individual cages. One week before dietary changes, put on 8L:16D photoperiod that continued 9-d experimental period....

Primary roots of Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae) are positively geotropic, while lateral not responsive to gravity In order elucidate the structural basis for this differential georesponse, we have performed a qualitative and quantitative analysis ultrastructure columella cells primary P. vulgaris. Root systems were fixed in situ so as disturb cells. The columellas more extensive than those roots. volumes approximately twice However, contain greater absolute numbers all cellular components...

Several sampling methods have been developed for the detection of Salmonella on broiler carcasses during commercial processing. The present study evaluated three methodologies sensitivity processed carcasses. Furthermore, effect crop removal or chill tank exposure frequency recovery was also examined. In two experiments, swab, skin, and carcass rinse samples were compared detection. results indicated that culture swabs less effective (P < 0.05) than either skin samples. No significant >...

The presence of Salmonella or Campylobacter in poultry litter may contribute to contaminated processed carcasses by increasing the bacterial load skin and feathers providing a source for upper gastrointestinal contamination during preharvest feed withdrawal. Presently, we evaluated effect added lime on survival enteritidis used room temperature incubations 24, 48, 96 h. Addition any concentration markedly increased pH (control: 8.36; 5%: 12.13; 10%: 12.53; 20%: 12.57). resulted significantly...

A morphometric analysis of the ultrastructure columella statocytes in primary roots Zea mays was performed to determine precise location cellular organelles graviperceptive cells. Vacuoles occupy largest volume cell (11.4 per cent protoplasm). The nucleus (9.51 cent), amyloplasts (7.57 mitochondria (3.42 spherosomes (2.13 cent) and dictyosomes (0.55 progressively smaller volumes statocytes. All are distributed asymmetrically within cell. Amyloplasts, found greatest numbers (and relative...

Enterococcus cecorum (EC) has been associated with septicemia and early mortality in broiler chickens. There is limited research investigating the pathogenicity of EC field strains obtained from affected birds. The purpose this study was to evaluate effect in-ovo administration into amnion different isolates at d 18 embryogenesis (DOE18). In Exp 1, 7 alone or combination (EC1-EC3, EC4-EC5, EC6, EC7) were selected based on phenotypic characteristics evaluated concentrations (1 × 102, 1 104,...

Half-tipped primary and lateral roots of Ricinus communis cv Hale bend toward the side root on which intact half-tip remains. Therefore, minimal graviresponsiveness is not due to inability their caps produce growth effectors (presumably inhibitors). The columella tissues (i.e. graviresponsive) are (a) 4.30 times longer, (b) 2.95 wider, (c) 37.4 more voluminous, (d) composed 17.2 cells than those roots. onset positive gravitropism by positively correlated with a 2.99-fold increase in length,...

Previously, an experimental chlorate product (ECP) has been observed to reduce Escherichia coli and Salmonella infections in swine, cattle, broilers. The following studies were performed investigate the effects of different concentrations durations administering ECP on crop ceca typhimurium (ST) colonization turkeys. In 2 separate trials, each conducted with replicates, 15-wk-old turkey toms challenged 107 109 cfu ST. Experiment 1, administered 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0× (a 1.0× concentration...

Abstract Background There has been increasing recognition of local and systemic adverse events associated with the release metal ions nanoparticles from hip arthroplasty components. Adverse tissue reactions to ion debris can include periprosthetic solid cystic masses known as pseudotumors. These result in pain, swelling, extensive destruction surrounding soft-tissues, compression syndromes on neurovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary structures. As reports pseudotumors requiring...

We previously reported that the prophylactic, intraperitoneal administration of supernatants from concanavalin A-stimulated T cells derived Salmonella enteritidis (SE)-immune White Leghorn hens (i.e., SE-immune lymphokines or ILK), conferred protection to neonatal chicks against SE organ invasion. In present study, we evaluated effects in ovo ILK on hatchability, hatch weight, vitro bactericidal activity heterophils, and invasion chicks. On Day 18 embryogenesis, injections were made into...