Abstract In the science and values literature, scholars have shown how is influenced shaped by values, often in opposition to ‘value free’ ideal of science. this paper, we aim contribute literature showing that relation between flows not only from into scientific practice, but also (allegedly neutral) themselves. The extant ‘science values’ field focuses large on reconstructing, post hoc, science; our reconstruction case studies, instead, aims show concepts methods too, because specific...

We propose a conceptualization and implementation of AI ethics via the capability approach. aim to show that conceptualizing through approach has two main advantages for as discipline. First, it helps clarify ethical dimension tools. Second, provides guidance implementing considerations within design illustrate these in context tools medicine, by showing how ethics-based auditing medicine can greatly benefit from our capability-based

Abstract In the past few years, machine learning (ML) tools have been implemented with success in medical context. However, several practitioners raised concerns about lack of transparency—at algorithmic level—of many these tools; and solutions from field explainable AI (XAI) seen as a way to open ‘black box’ make more trustworthy. Recently, Alex London has argued that context we do not need be interpretable at level them trustworthy, long they meet some strict empirical desiderata. this...

NCG 4.0 is the latest update of Network Cancer Genes, a web-based repository systems-level properties cancer genes. In its current version, database collects information on 537 known (i.e. experimentally supported) and 1463 candidate inferred using statistical methods) Candidate genes derive from manual revision 67 original publications describing mutational screening 3460 human exomes genomes in 23 different types. For all 2000 genes, duplicability, evolutionary origin, expression,...

Abstract In the past few years, scholars have been questioning whether current approach in data ethics based on higher level case studies and general principles is effective. particular, some complaining that such an to difficult be applied taught context of science. response these concerns, there discussions about how should “embedded” practice science, sense showing ethical issues emerge small technical choices made by scientists their day-to-day activities, can used teach ethics. However,...

Recently, biologists have argued that data-driven biology fosters a new scientific methodology, namely, one is irreducible to traditional methodologies of molecular defined as the discovery strategies elucidated by mechanistic philosophy. Here I show how studies can be included in approach two respects. On hand, some provide eliminative inferential procedures prioritize and develop hypotheses. other, different play an exploratory role providing useful generalizations complement procedure...

Abstract In the past few years, calls for integrating ethics modules in engineering curricula have multiplied. Despite this positive trend, a number of issues with these ‘embedded’ programs remains. First, learning goals are underspecified. A second limitation is conflation different dimensions under same banner, particular confusion between geared towards addressing individual conduct and at societal level. article, we propose tripartite framework to overcome difficulties. Our analytically...

Abstract The past few years have witnessed a growth of interest in the historical and philosophical dimensions bioinformatics as discipline. Despite importance addressing issues raised by growing amount biological data, data management is often seen all it has to offer biology. However, emphasis on may come at expense understanding how generates genuine knowledge beyond its instrumental value for bench biologists. Some authors taken first steps management, towards characterization unique...

Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being designed, tested, and in many cases actively employed almost every aspect of healthcare from primary care to public health. It by now well established that any application AI carries an attendant responsibility consider the ethical societal aspects its development, deployment impact. However, rapidly developing field AI, developments such as machine learning, neural networks, generative large language models have potential raise new distinct...

There is an overwhelming abundance of works in AI Ethics. This growth chaotic because how sudden it is, its volume, and multidisciplinary nature. makes difficult to keep track debates, systematically characterize goals, research questions, methods, expertise required by ethicists. In this article, I show that the relation between ethics can be characterized at least three ways, which correspond well-represented kinds ethics: AI; AI. elucidate features these Ethics, their identify kind each...

Abstract In the past few years, ethical ramifications of AI technologies (in particular data science) have been at center intense debates. Considerable attention has devoted to understanding how a morally responsible practice science can be promoted and which values shape it. this context, ethics moral responsibility mainly conceptualized as compliance widely shared principles. However, several scholars highlighted limitations such principled approach. Drawing from microethics virtue theory...

Molecular biologists exploit information conveyed by mechanistic models for experimental purposes. In this article, I make sense of aspect biological practice developing Keller's idea the distinction between 'models of' and for'. 'Models (phenomena)' should be understood as representing phenomena are valuable if they explain phenomena. (manipulating phenomena)' new types material manipulations important not because their explanatory force, but interventionist strategies afford. This is a...

The fall of reductionist approaches to explanation leaves biology with an unescapable challenge: how decipher complex systems. This entails a number very critical questions, the most basic ones being: 'What do we mean by 'complex'? and, is system should look for?'. In systems, constraints belong higher level that molecular one and their effect reduces constrains manifold accessible internal states itself. Function related but not deterministically imposed underlying structure. It quite...

Scientific epistemology is a topic that has sparked centuries of philosophical discourse. In particular, understanding the role scientists play in creation and perpetuation scientific knowledge subject continues to be hotly debated. A relative new-comer field virtue epistemology, which positions as integrally linked specific character traits held by scientist. Positioning research distinct practice, epistemologists strive understand what virtues foster robust creation. Examinations current...

In biology—as in other scientific fields—there is a lively opposition between big and small science projects. this commentary, I try to contextualize the field of biomedicine, argue that, at least context, projects should come first.

Abstract The notion of biological function is fraught with difficulties—intrinsically and irremediably so, we argue. physiological practice functional ascription originates from a time when organisms were thought to be designed remained largely unchanged since. In secularized worldview, this creates paradox which accounts functions as selected effect attempt resolve. This attempt, argue, misses its target in physiology it brings problems own. Instead, propose that better solution the...