This work proposes a robust unwrapping algorithm for noisy and steep phase maps based on the residue calibrated least-squares method. The proposed calculates calibrates residues in derivative to get noise-free Poisson equation. Moreover, it compensates residuals between wrapped unwrapped iteratively eliminate approximation errors smoothing effect of robustness efficiency are validated by simulated experimentally maps. Compared with other three typical algorithms, has most effective...

Stitching interferometry is an essential technique for the non-contact, high-precision measurement of large apertures or complex optical surfaces. However, accuracy full-aperture surface reconstruction significantly compromised by subaperture positioning and systematic errors. To address this challenge, study introduces a novel stitching method utilizing alternating calibration errors (SIAC). This calibrates one type error while maintaining other constant, alternates between these processes...

In this Letter, dynamic phase-deforming interferometry (PDI) is proposed to solve the impact of environmental vibration and air turbulence on measurement accuracy. Two interference passes, namely, pass (MP) carrier-frequency (CP), are constructed, utilizing one detector acquire fringe patterns two passes simultaneously. The relative deformation phases CP calculated with Fourier transform method; then phase extraction MP performed via least squares method obtain final distribution. optical...

This paper proposes a robust phase unwrapping algorithm (RPUA) for in the presence of noise and segmented phase. The RPUA method presents new model derivatives combined with error-correction iterations to achieve an anti-noise effect. Moreover, it bridges islands spatial domain using numerical carrier frequency fringe extrapolation thus eliminating height faults enable solving unwrapping. Numerical simulation comparison three conventional methods were performed, proving high robustness...

The coexistence of anti-vibration and a common optical path is difficult to realize in dynamic Fizeau interferometry. To address this problem, we propose low-coherence interferometry (DLI) using double cavity. DLI method new model that creatively renders both surfaces the RM interfere with test surface, utilizing source matching construct common-path <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:math> -polarized cavity ( -FC)...

This study demonstrates a three-cavity multiplexing vibration-resistant Fizeau interferometry (TCM). The method injects vibration-measurement pass (VMP), which utilizes hybrid interference for the transmission of phase and vibration information, to phase-measurement (PMP). Moreover, VMP is demultiplexed using temporal difference mixed fringes synchronous phase-shifting extraction fringe obtain then used calculate measured combined with PMP. feasibility performance TCM are demonstrated...

We report and demonstrate a dynamic Fizeau interferometer (DFI) capable of high-precision measurements under severe vibration. The method involves two interferometric passes: null-interference pass (NP) circular carrier-frequency (CP). NP adopts an on-axis design, preserving the common path reference test beams. CP uses assistant defocused source to generate fringe patterns, assisting in phase extraction sign correction. feasibility performance proposed are demonstrated experimentally. To...

Laser inertial confinement fusion (ICF) triggers a nuclear reaction via the evenly compressed capsule containing deuterium tritium fuel with high-power laser. However, isolated defects on surface of capsules reduce probability ignition. In this paper, we present full-surface detection method based null interferometric microscope (NIM) to achieve high-precision, high-efficiency, and ICF capsules. A dynamic phase-shifting module is applied NIM single-shot measurement in single subaperture....

The growing interest in microprofile measurements for advanced semiconductor manufacturing and electronic glass screens has stimulated the demand situ dynamic white-light interferometry (DWLI). However, it is challenging to perform vibration-insensitive because of broad-spectrum interference. In this Letter, we report a vertical scanning DWLI using multiwavelength tilt iteration sliding local least squares. Numerical simulations comparative experiments were conducted verify principle...

For a conventional Fizeau interferometer, accommodating both anti-vibration and measurement modes is challenge. Here, dual-mode interferometer (DFI) for dynamic optical proposed, which retains the mode. A vibration information system added to vibration-phase extraction. To better extract phase, four-step phase-tilting iteration algorithm proposed. The two combined systems separate while retaining interferometry accuracy. Simulations experiments prove that DFI can accurately recover phase....

Aspheres have widespread applications in modern optical systems; however, the high-precision testing of gull-wing asphere (GWA) is still challenging. In this Letter, flexible stitching interferometry (FSI) has been reported using variable-sign curvature compensation (VSCC) to realize accurate GWA testing. The method involves varying sign and magnitude outgoing wavefront by relative translation VSCC compensate for curvatures subapertures, alternating optimization utilized obtain full-aperture...

Freeform gradient index (F-GRIN) media are increasingly used in optical systems. The existing ray tracing methods for F-GRIN have low calculation efficiency and require manual adjustment of step size, making the design process complex. To address this, we propose an adaptive (ART) method F-GRIN. ART obtains initial size based on directional derivative element’s length. During subsequent transmission process, is adaptively adjusted. accuracy speed were verified through multiple comparison...

It is difficult for Fizeau interferometer to take its common optical path characteristics and anti-vibration measurement requirements into account. In this paper, a dynamic (DFI) proposed measurement, the advantages of high accuracy are retained. DFI divided conventional vibration part. An assistant mirror added part separate information reference wavefront test with shortcoherence laser. The cavity obtained by measuring each surface separately. coefficients extracted algorithm, then...

This paper introduces the principle of capacitive detection and specific method signal detecting based on a triaxial micro-accelerometer. The corresponding circuit is designed, suitable test system set up. sensitivity accuracy results micro-accelerometer show that all masses has nice consistency, feasible in theory practice, with capability precisely measuring input acceleration three directions.

Fizeau wavelength measurement plays an important role in the fields of laser technology, optical communication, and metrology. The accuracy traditional multistage wavemeter is limited owing to degradation stripe symmetry finesse caused by variations cavity length. Herein, we propose a virtual (VFC) based on principle phase difference address this issue. analysis simulation system are presented, along with experiments that verified feasibility performance VFC method. superior 60 MHz 350-1100...

Fourier Transform Imaging Spectrometer(FTIS) is an instrument cable of acquiring two-dimensional spatial information and one-dimensional spectral information. The FTIS has attracted much attention widely applied in the fields like military reconnaissance, remote sensing, biomedicine, environmental monitoring, etc. acquires intensity different wavelengths by performing transform on white light interference signal target generated FTIS. curve obtained directly reflects relationship between...

In this paper, a Fizeau interferometer with double interference cavity is proposed to solve the influence of environmental factors in high precision phase measurement. The method adds reference mirror, combined low-coherence source, construct two cavities, which have synchronous change. One them has an adjustable spatial carrier frequency, used calculate relative deformation during test, while other same null fringe standard interferometer. measured can be retrieved by using least square...

A two-step iterative algorithm (TSIA) immune to tilt shifts is proposed for phase extraction in phase-shifting interferometry (PSI). The TSIA constructs a model of the least-squares iteration distribution and based on parametric decoupling. Finally, extracted via method. experimental results show that PTI has high accuracy fast convergence speed conditions large amplitude shifts, closed fringes, nonuniform background modulation.