Principles to determine dielectric properties measurement using microwave free-space transmission measurements technique is presented in this paper. The project's main objective was measure the of different agricultural waste material at frequencies, which turn, can serve as a potential alternative, replacing conventional printed circuit board (PCB) FR4 material. A system, includes PNA vector network analyzer, horn antennas, and Agilent Technologies 85071E software were used described...

This paper proposes the use of a wireless sensor network (WSN) as passive human behavior monitoring system for enabling intelligent green building. The proposed application required further investigation and study effect movement on signals at 2.4GHz. It is important to understand significant caused by Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). Several experiments are conducted using WSN mote from MEMSIC obtain attenuation models based number people speed. Prior experiments, co-existence...

Rubber tire dust-rice husk is an innovation in improving the design of pyramidal microwave absorbers to be used radio frequency (RF) anechoic chambers.An RF chamber a shielded room covered with eliminate unwanted reflection signals.To absorber, rice will added rubber dust since study shows that both have high percentages carbon.This innovative material combination investigated determine best reflectivity or loss performance absorbers.Carbon most important element must absorber order help...

Agricultural wastes are considered not useful and commonly dumped or burned after crop harvesting. Rice husks from paddy (Oryza sativa) example of agricultural wastes. have been investigated as the material for pyramidal microwave absorbers. The setup fabrication measurement rice absorbers discussed. An 8£8 array absorber using husks-polyester-MEKP mixture has designed fabricated. There four main stages in this work: collection raw materials, mould fabrication, experiments performed to...

Split ring resonator (SRR) structure can potentially be incorporated onto the truncated pyramidal microwave absorber.This study considers three different patterns of edge couple split (EC-SRR) designs.Each EC-SRR design is then placed absorber.Outer gap dimension widths are varied, and various S 21 performances compared.This absorber simulated using CST Microwave Studio simulation software.The performed in low frequency range (0.01 GHz to 1 GHz) as well frequencies (1 20 GHz).Simulation...

This paper had been comparing the performance of normal patch antenna with single complimentary SRR antenna. Four different shapes split ring resonator structure incorporated into microstrip - square, circular, triangular, and rhombic. simulation works done in CST Microwave Studio software. The operating frequency this is 2.40 GHz for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) application. parameters that considered these are return loss, resonant frequency, input impedance, gain, radiation pattern...

The need to find ways effectively utilize the large quantities of agricultural waste that are produced is indicative huge potential associated with producing an alternative pyramidal microwave absorber for anechoic chamber-testing applications.We propose development a can use sugar cane bagasse (SCB), byproduct from production and processing cane, as absorbent.In this paper, we report results our dielectric probe measurement determine constant loss tangent SCB.These values were used model...

A fractal microstrip antenna with Minkowski Island split ring resonator (MI-SRR) is proposed in this paper. Four minis MI-SRR structure had been connected to the corner of main Fractal improve bandwidth antenna. This radiates at broadband range from 2.09 GHz 3.64 a 1.55 GHz. The first resonant frequencies for are 2.292 - 14.515 dB return loss while second frequency 3.428 28.585 dB. Design and B have compared its loss, frequency, gain performance previous simulation work CST Microwave Studio...

Anechoic chambers signal absorption capability is directly correlated to its performance. One of the main components in enabling design and material used designing absorbers. Two types are pyramidal wedge-shaped ones. In this work, truncated wedge absorbers for anechoic chamber application have been designed operate effectively microwave frequencies from 1 - 10 GHz. The were simulated using a fusion carbon-based with different features coating thickness improve their performance significant...

This work focusing on the dual-band antenna design with rectifying circuit for energy transfer system technology enhancement gain performance. The air gap technique is applied this microstrip to enhance gain. begins designing and analyzing via CST Microwave Studio software. After validation acceptable performance in simulation side obtained, return loss, S11 of measured using vector network analyzer equipment. rectifier used convert captured signal DC voltage. projected has successfully...

Sugar cane bagasse as is potential agricultural waste to produce an alternative and beneficial product for any suitable application such pyramidal microwave absorber anechoic chamber testing application. In this work, the dielectric properties (dielectric constant tangent loss) of sugar baggase had been measured using probe measurement. The can modelled simulate in CST Microwave Studio data from This operating frequency range between 0.1 GHz 20.0 GHz. targeting reflection loss better than −...

A change in the relative proportions of a mixture rubber tire dust and rice husks will cause mixture's electrical permittivity its ability to absorb electromagnetic energy.An openended coaxial probe was used conjunction with three dielectric equations (the Kraszewski equation, Landau equation Lichtenecker equation) obtain properties (RTDRH) over frequency range 7 GHz 13 GHz.Lichtenecker's for dielectrics proved be useful practical formulation determining effective homogeneous mixtures.The...

This paper explores the role of structured debating as an academic tool in higher education, arguing that it fosters holistic and critical thinking skills essential for professional success. Through a review literature, case studies, empirical evidence, demonstrates how integrating into curricula provides dynamic approach to student development. Debating requires students engage deeply with complex issues, often exploring multiple perspectives construct defend arguments. process develops by...

Hexagonal base pyramid microwave absorber is the new design of absorber. In this work, two sub-shapes are considered to compare it reflection loss performance. The shapes hexagonal and truncated pyramid. Three sample agricultural waste used that rice husk, straw banana leaves. Before that, free space measurement technique applied define dielectric constant tangent material used. These absorbers have been designed operate effectively between frequencies 1 GHz 20 GHz.

In designing a microwave absorber for anechoic chamber, there are many condition can affect the performance of absorber. this work, four conditions discussed to compare reflectivity or S11 pyramidal The different signal source position, areas, angle, and lastly distance between These simulated in CST Microwave Studio by using rice husk as it based material that have dielectric constant, εr = 2.9. This has been designed operate effectively frequency range 1 GHz 20 GHz.

Abandoned agricultural waste pose a risk to the environmental and public health. The polyurethane polystyrene material for designing pyramidal microwave absorber are expensive not friendly. Tropical crop residue has potential be used in electromagnetic testing area. Nowadays, absorbing materials have been increasingly important ensuring successful Radio Frequency (RF) anechoic chamber performance. New had research reduce cost of absorber. In this case, dried banana leaves mixed with...

In this work, a modified Minkowski patch antenna had been designed for 2.4 GHz of resonant frequency, f <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> wireless local area network (WLAN) application. The proposed complimentary structure quadruple P-spiral split ring resonator (QPS-SRR) into the increasing gain performance. Other parameters that considered in work are return loss, bandwidth, radiation pattern and directivity. This paper...

The Minkoski Island patch antenna with complementary split ring resonator at the ground plane are proposed in this work. At first stage, normal square antennas mainly designed. Then, Minkowski was designed using 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> iteration technique and 2 xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> technique. fractal shape slot embedded center of to form a antenna. next step is apply partial embed...

Placement variation is one example of parameters that critically affects the performance RF absorbers. In this work, four designed patterns - W, X, Y, and Z were discussed to compare reflectivity (S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> ) wedge microwave Two sub-shapes investigated in work straight oblique wedge, each type having three top width dimension. The other investigation includes comparison between nine elements'...

In this work, a dual layer rectangular microstrip patch antenna with H-slot is proposed for improving the return loss and enhanced gain at 2.4 GHz 2.45 GHz. The designed by using CST Microwave Studio used to design mathematically based on antenna. Simulated experimental results obtained show that it exhibits good radiation behavior within RFID frequency range. It found shows - 18.584 dB 19.692 resonant of 2.442 At desired along band, 2.228 2.756 achieved.

This paper presents an equilateral triangular microstrip antenna with spur lines. The proposed antenna, comprising a planar patch element embedded two line slots. simulation and fabrication process are performed to understand the characteristics of antenna. result is compared fabricated targeting frequency this 0.90 GHz (first resonant frequency) 1.80 (second frequency). can improve bandwidth GSM 1800 up 100 MHz. It shows return loss - 16.176 dB, 33 MHz (0.919 0.952 GHz) gain 3.52 dB first...