This article reports an overview of main issues related to hosting capacity and harmonic disturbances caused by electric vehicle (EV) penetration in a smart grid, taking into account renewable energy sources storage systems as well nonlinear loads. A new mixed deterministic probabilistic method based on algorithms control strategies, able perform EVs charging controls, is presented. The methodology shows that it possible achieve high levels power quality, thanks pre-evaluation disturbance....

Auxiliary-battery-based substations (ABSs) can enhance conventional railway feeder systems. In particular, ABSs make dc feeders located in areas far from the ac grid able to power high-performance passenger and freight trains store their braking energy. This paper proposes a techno-economic method define size, position along track, control parameters of an ABS, with goal minimize annual cost Our approach takes into account replacements battery modules within ABS's expected lifetime order...

This paper presents an experimental application of LiFePO4 battery energy storage systems (BESSs) to primary frequency control, currently being performed by Terna, the Italian transmission system operator (TSO). BESS performance in control role was evaluated means a simplified electrical-thermal circuit model, taking into account also auxiliary consumptions, coupled with cycle-life order assess expected life BESS. Numerical simulations have been carried out considering response real...

Electrified guided vehicles are normally equipped with regenerative braking devices, while traction lines supplied by non-reversible substation, thus allowing energy recovery only if nearby other absorbing power. To enhance the effectiveness of braking, some storage can be installed along line. Evaluation its cost requires time domain simulations, performed creating simulation models using general-purpose or specialized languages. In this paper, two tools used. Their respective...

At present, shipping companies are aiming to meet better energy and environmental requirements when designing large cruise ships, thus decreasing emissions, increasing efficiency reliability greatly reducing maintenance time costs. This paper provides a technical–economic comparison for real case study, including complete feasibility study regarding the sizing of generation system supply base hotel loads, between two power plant architectures focused on fuel cells diesel generators ship. The...

The paper proposes an optimal siting and sizing methodology to design energy storage system (ESS) for railway lines. scope is maximize the economic benefits. problem of ESS addressed solved by a software developed authors using particle swarm algorithm, whose objective function based on net present value (NPV). line, standard working day timetable, has been simulated in order estimate power flow between trains finding electrical substations systems suitable network. Numerical simulations...

The paper presents the Naval Smart Grid (NaSG) research project, concerning study of an Integrated Power System (IPS) for Italian Navy All Electric Ships (AESs) with control and reliability characteristics. Aim is to produce results useful a new ship design, endowed following innovative features: modular power system; subsystem's flexible integration; efficiency improvement; security enable weapon systems' installation; survivability improvement. aims are here concisely presented, together...

The paper propose an energy management strategy for high efficiency battery-based substation (Auxiliary Battery Substation - ABS) able to power weak railways in areas without supply from the grid. proposed control algorithm makes ABS sustain part of peak current absorbed during traction by performance trains operating on traditional 3 kV DC rail networks. solution also, according state charge and line voltage, allows system recover train's braking making it available next train departure....

In the paper is presented an auxiliary substation equipped with battery based energy storage system (Auxiliary Battery Substation — ABS) and benefits for railway applications are shown. The proposed solution able to reduce effect of peak current voltage drops on weak traditional 3 kV feeding line during high performance trains traction. ABS also increase efficiency by recovering train braking phase making it available again at next starting time, minimizing required main substation. An...

Aim of the paper is to underline harmonic disturbance issues about penetration electric vehicle (EV) charging stations in real MV/LV distribution networks. The presence various non-linear loads, due high electronic converters on LV side, highlights need assess state network also MV side. A sensitivity analysis composition disturbances AC/DC installed on-board EVs has been developed, based experimental data obtained from laboratory measurements five commercial EVs. Harmonic resonance...

The paper presents a preliminary technical-economic comparison between 3 kV DC railway and the use of trains with on-board storage systems. Numerical simulations have been carried out on real line, which an electrified section at non-electrified section, currently covered by diesel-powered trains. Different types ESS analyzed, implementing models in Matlab/Simulink environment. A preparatory economic investigation has out.

The focus of the present paper is pointed on trolley-buses lines, as solution for urban mass transport in medium size cities. After a comparison terms economic and environmental features, with other mobility systems, potential upgrading actions line, that would improve its energy performance, are highlighted. In particular storage application power supplying system board vehicles deeply analyzed. To identify which two solutions involves highest saving, study has been performed case line...

The paper proposes a methodology to define the architecture of power unit UFC (Ultra Fast Charging) station for electric vehicles (EVs), capable reaching 350 kW. main goal is improve efficiency system defining best configuration by MATLAB software (BEA – Best Efficiency Architecture) developed authors. allows taking into account efficiency-power curves all AC/DC and DC/DC modules currently available on market, thus increasing energy savings. Architectures based different connection...

In the present paper, a comparison among different types of urban mass transport systems, which can be implemented for medium-sized cities, is reported. For each mobility system, advantages and disadvantages, in terms capacity environmental impact, are highlighted. Then focus pointed on trolley-bus solution. A real case study deployment this type medium size Italian city, analyzed. The results traffic electrical simulations proposed trolley-buses system exposed, including energy performance...

This paper presents a statistical analysis about domestic PV prosumers in Terni (Italy). Data of energy produced by photovoltaic systems (PVs) and injected into the grid are collected for years 2015 2016. Statistical distributions self-consumption self-sufficiency rates per prosumer reported. The analyses show low values both with respect to expected ones, as well reduction such indexes from 2016, prompting need increase (by means storage and/or demand side management) order attain higher...

In the present paper, a project for application of control in heat pumps residential and tertiary users are reported. The focus is pointed on experimental test to validate algorithms management policies applies four sites, tertiary, with different types electrical equipment. results measurement campaign reported evaluate energy benefits obtained actions.

The paper reports a measurement campaign and simulation validation for the "Roma-Giardinetti" tram line in Rome, that provides urban service from main train station of Rome "Roma Termini" towards suburban neighborhood city. A digital oscilloscope recorder Yokogawa OR100 has been used measurements. monitoring on voltage current profiles along line, as well power consumptions tramline during daily service, performed. Simulations have carried out to compare obtained results with measurements,...

Electrified guided vehicles typically face routes having a large number of acceleration and braking phases. The energy, since the feeding line presents nonreversible electrical substations, can be recovered in presence other nearby vehicles. To improve energy recovery, one or more storage systems positioned along track. Analysis effectiveness for considered solution requires time-domain simulation models, to created through suitable general-purpose languages specialised languages/software....

Instrument Voltage Transformers (VT) are well known for their critical behavior when subjected to fast impulse voltages. Furthermore, the accuracy of VT is defined by IEC Standards only at power frequency and doesn't consider response. Under these conditions may introduce errors in voltage measurements transmitted signals create overvoltages correspondence secondary circuitry nominal withstand. The paper reports experimental analysis on response, time domain, a (1.2/50 μs). main results...